Effect of Superthermal Polarization Force on Dust Acoustic Nonlinear Structures

An investigation of the dust acoustic shock waves as well as solitary waves in an unmagnetized dusty plasma consisting of fluid of negatively charged dust grains, superthermal ions, and Maxwellian electrons under the influence of superthermally modified polarization force is presented. The polarization force is significantly influenced by superthermal ions. Reductive perturbation technique has been used to derive the Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers equation. It is illustrated that the superthermal polarization force significantly alters the characteristics of the negative polarity shock and solitary waves. It is also examined that the soliton energy gets depleted by the influence of superthermal polarization force.

The baryon mass calculation in the chiral soliton model at finite temperature and density

In the mean-field approximation, we have studied the soliton which is embedded in a thermal medium within the chiral soliton model. The energy of the soliton or the baryon mass in the thermal medium has been carefully evaluated, in which we emphasize that the thermal effective potential in the soliton energy should be properly treated in order to derive a finite and well-defined baryon mass out of the thermal background. The result of the baryon mass at finite temperatures and densities in chiral soliton model are clearly presented.