Classification Systems of Cleft Lip, Alveolus and Palate: Results of an International Survey

Objective This study aimed to identify commonly used classification systems by cleft providers around the world, including the perceived indications and limitations of each system. Design A cross-sectional survey. Participants A total of 197 registrants from three international cleft/craniofacial meetings. Interventions Participants were sent a web-based questionnaire concerning cleft classification systems. Main Outcome Measures Frequency of commonly used classification systems, their perceived indications and limitations. Results A total of 197 respondents from 166 different centers completed the questionnaire. Healthcare professionals from all disciplines responded, with the most frequent respondents being plastic surgeons (38.1%), maxillofacial surgeons (28.4%) and orthodontists (23.9%). Eighteen different classification systems were in use. The most frequently used systems were the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) (35.5%), LAHSHAL (34.0%), and Veau (32.5%) classification systems. Most respondents (32.5%) indicated that anatomical and morphological characteristics are essential components of a classification system. However, respondents indicated that their current classification systems lacked sufficient description of cleft extension and severity. Conclusions Great variety in the use of classification systems exists among craniofacial specialists internationally. The results recommend the usage of the LAHSHAL classification of OFCs, due to its comprehensiveness, relatively high implementation rate globally, convenience of usage and complementarity with the ICD-10 system. Moreover, it can overcome deficiencies inextricably linked to ICD-10, such as incapacity to describe laterality and clefts of the alveolus. More international exposure to the merits of using the LAHSHAL classification system would be highly recommended.

Computer-aided structural and molecular insights into the mechanisms by which Pseudouridimycin (PUM) disrupts cleft extension in bacterial RNA polymerase to block DNA entry and exit

Background: The ability of Pseudouridimycin (PUM) to occupy the nucleotide addition site of bacterial RNA Polymerase (RNAP) underlies its inhibitory potency as previously reported. PUM has gained high research interest as a broad-spectrum nucleoside analog that has demonstrated exciting potentials in treating drug-resistant bacterial infections. Objective: Herein, we identified, for the first time, a novel complementary mechanism by which PUM elicits its inhibitory effects on bacterial RNAP. Methods: The dynamic binding behavior of PUM to bacterial RNAP was studied using various dynamic analyses approaches. Results and Discussion: Findings revealed that in addition to occupying the nucleotide addition site, PUM also interrupts the unimpeded entry and exit of DNA by reducing the mechanistic extension of the RNAP cleft and perturbing the primary conformations of the switch regions. Moreover, PUM binding reduced the distances between key residues in the β and β’ subunits that extend to accommodate the DNA. Conclusion: This study’s findings present structural insights that would contribute to the structure-based design of potent and selective PUM inhibitors.

Crossed products of Hom-Hopf algebras

Let (H,?) be a Hom-Hopf algebra and (A,?) be a Hom-algebra. In this paper we will construct the Hom-crossed product (A#?H???), and prove that the extension A ? A#?H is actually a Hom-type cleft extension and vice versa. Then we will give the necessary and sufficient conditions to make (A#?H???) into a Hom-Hopf algebra. Finally we will study the lazy 2-cocycle on (H,?).

Cyclic homology of cleft extensions of algebras

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative algebra with [Formula: see text] and let [Formula: see text] be a cleft extension of [Formula: see text]. We obtain a new mixed complex, simpler than the canonical one, giving the Hochschild and cyclic homologies of [Formula: see text] relative to [Formula: see text]. This complex resembles the canonical reduced mixed complex of an augmented algebra. We begin the study of our complex showing that it has a harmonic decomposition like the one considered by Cuntz and Quillen for the normalized mixed complex of an algebra.

Cleft extensions for quasi-entwining structures

In this paper we introduce the notions of quasi-entwining structure and cleft extension for a quasi-entwining structure. We prove that if (A, C, ψ) is a quasi-entwining structure and the associated extension to the submagma of coinvariants AC is cleft, there exists an isomorphism ωA between AC ⊗ C and A. Moreover, we define two unital but not necessarily associative products on AC ⊗ C. For these structures we obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions to assure that ωA is a magma isomorphism, giving some examples fulfilling these conditions.

Weak quasi-entwining structures

In this paper we introduce the notion of weak quasi-entwining structure as a generalization of quasi-entwining structures and weak entwining structures. Also, we formulate the notions of weak cleft extension, weak Galois extension, and weak Galois extension with normal basis associated to a weak quasientwining structure. Moreover, we prove that, under some suitable conditions, there exists an equivalence between weak Galois extensions with normal basis and weak cleft extensions. As particular instances, we recover some results previously proved for Hopf quasigroups, weak Hopf quasigroups and weak Hopf algebras.

Analysis of Arch Widths in Patients With Isolated Pierre Robin Sequence

Objective: To compare arch widths of patients with isolated Robin sequence (IRS) operated using modified von Langenbeck technique and modified Furlow double-opposing z-plasty. Design: Retrospective, transversal study. Setting: Hospital of Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil. Patients: Three groups of patients were analyzed. Group VL comprised 30 patients with IRS operated by von Langenbeck technique (mean age of 8.1 years); group FL included 30 patients with IRS operated by Furlow technique (7.6 years); and the control group included 30 noncleft patients with class I occlusion (7.4 years). The palate repair was performed between 1.0 and 1.7 years of age in both study groups. Transversal measurements of maxillary and mandibular arches were performed digitally on 3D digital models. Statistic: The intergroup comparison was performed using analysis of variance and Tukey test. An independent t test was used to compare the complete and incomplete types of cleft in both study groups. The level of significance was 5%. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the VL and FL groups for maxillary and mandibular arches. However, both groups showed decreased transversal dimensions compared with the control group ( P < .01) for both dental arches. No differences for arch widths were observed for complete or incomplete palatal clefts. Conclusions: No influence of palate repair techniques was observed in the transversal arch widths in patients with IRS. Children with IRS operated for palate repair showed constriction of the maxillary and mandibular dental arches compared with noncleft children regardless the palatal cleft extension.

Cleft extensions and Galois extensions for Hom-associative algebras

In this paper, we consider Hom-(co)modules associated to a Hom-(co)associative algebra and define the notion of Hom-triple. We introduce the definitions of cleft extension and Galois extension with normal basis in this setting and we show that, as in the classical case, these notions are equivalent in the Hom setting.