Case Report: Nicotine Addiction-Adolescence obsession

Nicotine dependence is a chronic relapse defined as a compulsive desire to use it, regardless of social consequences, loss of control over intake, and appearance of withdrawal symptoms. Nicotine dependence develops over time as a person continues to use nicotine. The most commonly used tobacco product is cigarettes, but any form of tobacco use and use of e-cigarettes can lead to dependence. Nicotine dependence is a serious public health problem because it causes continued tobacco use, which is one of the leading preventable causes of death worldwide, causing more than 8 million deaths per year. The result of the journal review is that preventing the use of tobacco products among adolescents is critical to ending nicotine addiction worldwide. The impact caused by nicotine tends to be bad, so stopping is the way out. Different levels of influence should be considered in interventions aimed at adolescent smokers, including psychological influences, addictions, peers and parents. This review article contains about the effect of nicotine on adolescents and what strategies can be done to stop the problem.

Health Promotion Media Exposure and Student Compliance Toward Smoke-Free School Regulation In Sleman Yogyakarta

The number of adolescent smokers in Indonesia are increasing with the highest prevalence on age 15-19. Implementation of smoke-free schools (SFS) aims to reduce adolescent smokers and protect school residents from cigarette smoke exposure. Public Senior High School 1 Cangkringan, Sleman has declared a SFS since 2019 by providing health promotion media such as posters and stickers in the school area. This study describes the implementation of SFS and to determine the relationship between health promotion media exposure and student compliance toward SFS regulations using quantitative methods with a cross-sectional design. Data collection was carried out through observation with checklists and online surveys with a google form. Sampling using accidental sampling method to 155 respondents and data analysis using SPSS version 17 with Chi-Square test. All respondents stated that the implementation of SFS is good and the results of observations showed that the input, process, and output indicators of SFS implementation had been fulfilled. Most of the students (83.2%) were exposed to high-level health promotion and 98,1% students obeyed the SFS regulations, There was a relationship between exposure to health promotion media in the form of posters with student compliance with SFS regulations ρ value ≤ α (0.004 ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, the high exposure to health promotion media has implications for the high compliance of students to SFS regulations.

Edukasi Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Bahaya Rokok Pada Remaja di SMK Endang Darma Ayu Kabupaten Indramayu

The prevalence of smokers in Indonesia in adolescents aged 10-18 years in 2013 was 7.20% while in 2018 it was 9.10%, which means that there was an increase in the percentage of adolescent smokers by 1.9%. It is necessary to educate adolescents so that their knowledge about the dangers of smoking, prevention and control of the dangers of smoking can increase. The method used is Lecture and Discussion using educational video media and presentation of material using power point, the target of the activity is students at SMK Endang Darma Ayu, Indramayu Regency as many as 60 students. The arrangement of community service activities includes a welcome speech from the Student Affairs Section of Endang Darma Ayu Vocational School, introduction of the Community Service team from STIKes Indramayu, Pre Test, providing educational materials on how to prevent and control the dangers of smoking, discussion, post test, distribution of prizes. The results of the activity there was an increase in knowledge of 22.33%, the presentation during the pre test was 73.67% after being given education there was an increase in the post test score to 96%. It is necessary to carry out further community service activities by forming peer educators at SMK Endang Darma Ayu, Indramayu RegencyKeywords: Education; Prevention and Control; Danger of cigarette; Teenager AbstrakPrevalensi perokok di Indonesia pada remaja usia 10-18 tahun pada tahun 2013 sebesar 7,20% sedangkan pada tahun 2018 sebesar 9,10%, yang artinya terjadi peningkatan persentase perokok remaja sebesar 1,9%. Perlu dilakukan edukasi kepada remaja agar pengetahuan remaja tentang bahaya rokok, pencegahan dan pengendalian bahaya rokok dapat meningkat. Metode yang digunakan adalah Ceramah dan Diskusi dengan menggunakan media edukasi video dan penyajian materi menggunakan power point, sasaran kegiatan adalah siswa/siswi di SMK Endang Darma Ayu Kabupaten Indramayu sebanyak 60 siswa. Susunan acara kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat meliputi Sambutan dari Bagian Kesiswaan SMK Endang Darma Ayu, Perkenalan tim Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dari STIKes Indramayu, Pre Test, memberikan materi edukasi bagaimana pencegahan dan pengendalian bahaya rokok, diskusi, post test, pembagian hadiah. Hasil dari kegiatan terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan sebesar 22.33 % presentasi saat pre test adalah 73.67% setelah diberikan edukasi terjadi peninggakatan hasil nilai post test nya menjadi 96%. Perlu dilakukan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat lebih lanjut dengan membentuk peer edukator di SMK Endang Darma Ayu Kabupaten Indramayu.Kata kunci: Edukasi; Pencegahan dan Pengendalian; Bahaya Rokok; Remaja

Health Behavior of Adolescent Smokers During Covid-19 Pandemic

AIM: This research aims to determine the health behavior of adolescent smokers during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted simultaneously using the design of “t” and Chi-square test through the distribution of questionnaires to 135 respondents as well as descriptive design and case studies, respectively. The data were collected by 13 informants through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. RESULTS: The results showed that 5 out of the 6 indicators of the demographic characteristics were correlated to the economic pressure of the families of adolescent smokers which also correlates with their health behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: The increase in the price of cigarettes and family control are measures that regulate children from buying cigarettes.

Self Esteem in Adolescent Smokers at South Tangerang in 2021

Smoking behavior is an activity where someone uses cigarettes. One of the factors that influence smoking habits in adolescents is to increase self-esteem. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about self-esteem in adolescent smokers at South Tangerang in 2021. The research method is descriptive using a qualitative study design. The sample in this study were four adolescent active smokers with an age range of 19 – 23 years who came from different universities by conducting in-depth interviews and conducting document reviews. This interview transcript was evaluated using content analysis, namely a one-by-one analysis of the pure interview results. The results of the interview showed that the informant felt the physical influence or the symptoms felt, namely coughing and enjoyed. Informants do not consider smoking behavior to increase self-confidence, but relationships and interactions in the family are considered the most valuable, valuable, and important for the development of individuals as members. Smoking can be a way for teenagers to look free and mature when they adjust to their smoking peers even though smoking can encourage the emergence of diseases that can lead to death. Based on this, it can be concluded that smoking behavior does not affect a person's level of self-confidence (self-esteem). Smoking can also encourage the emergence of types of diseases that can lead to death because smoking will release about 4,000 chemical components which not only affect active smokers but also those around them who feel the dangers of passive smokers.

“You Do It Through the Grapevine”: A Bourdieusian Analysis of Under-Age Access to Tobacco Among Adolescents From Seven European Cities

Despite efforts to reduce adolescent smoking via minimum age-of-sale legislation, many young people continue to access tobacco through a mix of social and commercial sources. Little is known about the roles of habitus, capital, and social topographies in shaping under-age access to tobacco. This article draws on Bourdieu’s theory of practice and data generated from 56 focus groups with 14- to 19-year-olds across seven European cities to answer the question “via what sources and by what means do adolescents obtain tobacco?” We find that adolescents use a range of personal capitals (social, cultural, and economic) to access tobacco, with the specific constitution and deployment of these capitals varying according to the regularities of different fields. Since adolescents access tobacco via culturally embedded practices, attempts to curtail this access are more likely to be effective if they are multi-pronged, culturally informed, and attuned to the lived experiences of adolescent smokers.

Relationship between nitric oxide levels and the activity of fibrogenic cytokine TGF-β1 and their role in diagnostics of the development of irreversible morphofunctional changes in bronchi of smoking adolescents

The aim is to study the relationship between the level of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and the activity of the fibrogenic cytokine TGF-β1 in blood serum and brush biopsy samples of bronchial mucosa in order to determine their role in the development of irreversible morphological and functional changes in smoking adolescents. Materials and methods. 20 adolescent smokers with chronic bronchitis (CB) (average age – 17.5 ± 0.2 years) were exa­mined. The comparison group consisted of 37 adolescent smokers without respiratory symptoms (average age – 15.9 ± 0.2 years) and 15 healthy adolescents, who never smoked (average age – 15.9 ± 0.4 years). In adolescent smokers the tobacco smoking status was assessed. To confirm active smoking, the nicotine metabolite cotinine was determined in urine. Instrumental methods included spirometry, chest X-ray, tracheobronchoscopy. The FeNO level was measured using a Niox Mino. TGF-β1 level was determined in the blood serum and brush biopsy samples of the bronchial mucosa. Results. The FeNO levels were significantly lower in adolescent smokers with CB in comparison with adolescent smokers without respiratory symptoms (6.1 ± 0.3 ppb versus 8.8 ± 0.6 ppb, P < 0.05). The relationship between the FeNO levels and indicators of the tobacco smoking status has been established in patients with CB and in asymptomatic smokers. There was a significant increase in the TGF-β1 levels in the blood serum in patients with CB compared with asymptomatic smokers (478.7 ± 57.9 pg/ml versus 231.5 ± 23.5 pg/ml, P < 0.05). In smoking adolescents a relationship between a FeNO level and an increased activity of the fibrogenic cytokine TGF-β (r = -0.63; P < 0.05) has been established. In one third of patients the TGF-β1 factor was identified in the bronchial endothelium. The presence of this factor in the bronchial endothelium is a serious prognostic criterion for the risk of developing “inadequate” pneumofibrosis, which can lead to irreversible remodeling processes in the bronchi. Conclusions. Determination of FeNO levels and TGF-β1 in the blood serum in smoking adolescents has a reliable diagnostic value for determining the risk group for the development of irreversible morphological and functional changes in the bronchi and can improve the efficiency of early diagnosis of chronic respiratory pathology.

Cross-sectional associations of dietary patterns with health status and smoking-related knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among Bangladeshi adolescent smokers

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the association between dietary patterns with health status and smoking-related knowledge, attitudes and practices (s-KAP) among Bangladeshi adolescent smokers. Design/methodology/approach An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 205 randomly selected adolescents. Socio-demographic, health status, s-KAP related data were collected in face-to-face interviews. Dietary intake data were calculated using the food frequency questionnaire. Findings The practices score (44.8%) was comparatively poor among adolescent smokers. Among the respondents, around 56.1%, 38.1% and 49.3% were suffering from gastric problems, nausea and the loss of appetite, respectively, because of smoking. There was a significant relationship between dietary diversity and the occurrence of several diseases such as gastric problems, nausea and loss of appetite. The respondents who consumed fresh fruits and vegetables regularly might reduce gastric problems (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.27–1.04 and OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.25–1.65), nausea (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.38–1.37 and OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.13–0.84) and loss of appetite (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.32–1.21 and OR: 0.16 95% CI: 0.27–0.68). Originality/value In conclusion, smoking has been associated with multiple health problems because of poor practices score. Consumption of a balanced diet, better smoking-related knowledge, attitudes and practices needs to be improved among adolescents.

Use of Single, Dual, and Poly Tobacco Products in Korean Adolescents

This study aimed to examine the prevalence of single, dual, and poly use of conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heated tobacco products among Korean adolescent smokers and identify factors related to dual and poly tobacco product use. Data from 4028 current smokers in the 2019 Korea Youth Behavior Web-based Survey were included. Single users accounted for 53.1%, followed by dual users at 24.8% and poly users at 22.1%. The factors influencing dual and poly tobacco product use included male, living in a metropolitan area, risky alcohol drinking, sexual experience, number of cigarettes smoked, secondhand smoke exposure, and easy-to-buy tobacco products. The findings suggest restricting the use of new types of tobacco products in the high-risk group are required to prevent dual and poly use. Furthermore, it is necessary to provide support like education for new tobacco products and smoking cessation, programs for secondhand smoke prevention, or rigorous marketing regulations for adolescents.