Croceitalea litorea sp. nov., isolated from seashore sand

Strain CBA3205T is a Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium that was isolated from the seashore sand of Jeju Island in South Korea. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the most closed related species was Croceitalea eckloniae DOKDO 025T, with 94.8 % sequence similarity for the 16S rRNA gene. Strain CBA3205T was observed to grow optimally at 25–30 °C and at pH 8.5 in the presence of 2–3 % (w/v) NaCl. The major fatty acids of strain CBA3205T were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The major respiratory quinone was MK-6 and the major polar lipids were two unidentified amino-group-containing phospholipids and an unidentified polar lipid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain CBA3205T was 62.5 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain CBA3205T was considered to be a novel species belonging to the genus Croceitalea within the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Croceitalea litorea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CBA3205T ( = KACC 17669T = JCM 19531T).

Rheinheimera arenilitoris sp. nov., isolated from seashore sand

A Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated, aerobic and ovoid or rod-shaped bacterium, designated J-MS1T, was isolated from seashore sand in the South Sea, South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain J-MS1T was found to grow optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.0–8.0. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain J-MS1T belonged to the genus Rheinheimera , clustering coherently with the type strain of Rheinheimera chironomi and sharing 98.34 % sequence similarity. Strain J-MS1T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 94.26–96.98 % to the type strains of the other species of the genus Rheinheimera . In the phylogenetic trees based on gyrB sequences, strain J-MS1T clustered with the type strain of R. chironomi , with which it shared the highest sequence similarity (86.97 %). Strain J-MS1T contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain J-MS1T and in the type strain of R. chironomi were phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content of strain J-MS1T was 49.8 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness value with R. chironomi LMG 23818T was 12 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain J-MS1T is separated from recognized species of the genus Rheinheimera . On the basis of the data presented, strain J-MS1T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Rheinheimera , for which the name Rheinheimera arenilitoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is J-MS1T ( = KCTC 42112T = CECT 8623T).

Mesoflavibacter sabulilitoris sp. nov., isolated from seashore sand

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated, gliding and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated GJMS-9T, was isolated from seashore sand collected at Geoje island in the South Sea, South Korea. Strain GJMS-9T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GJMS-9T clustered with the type strain of Mesoflavibacter zeaxanthinifaciens , showing the highest sequence similarity of 99.1 %. Strain GJMS-9T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.5 % to the type strain of Mesoflavibacter aestuarii and of less than 96.1 % to the type strains of other recognized species. Strain GJMS-9T contained MK-6 as the only menaquinone and iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C16 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The polar lipid profile of strain GJMS-9T containing phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified lipid and one unidentified glycolipid as major components was similar to that of the type strain of M. zeaxanthinifaciens . The DNA G+C content of strain GJMS-9T was 32.2 mol% and its DNA–DNA relatedness with M. zeaxanthinifaciens DSM 18436T was 38±6.1 %. The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain GJMS-9T is separated from other species of the genus Mesoflavibacter . On the basis of the data presented, strain GJMS-9T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Mesoflavibacter , for which the name Mesoflavibacter sabulilitoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GJMS-9T ( = KCTC 42117T = CECT 8597T).

Pseudoruegeria sabulilitoris sp. nov., isolated from seashore sand

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, GJMS-35T, was isolated from seashore sand at Geoje Island, South Korea. Strain GJMS-35T grew optimally at 28–30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain GJMS-35T clustered with type strains of species of the genus Pseudoruegeria , with which it exhibited 96.97–98.42 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Sequence similarities to the type strains of other recognized species were less than 96.39 %. Strain GJMS-35T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids of strain GJMS-35T were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified glycolipid, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain GJMS-35T was 64.1 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness values with type strains of three species of the genus Pseudoruegeria were 11–21 %. Its differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain GJMS-35T is set apart from other species of the genus Pseudoruegeria . On the basis of the data presented, strain GJMS-35T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pseudoruegeria , for which the name Pseudoruegeria sabulilitoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GJMS-35T ( = KCTC 42111T = NBRC 110380T).

Gillisia marina sp. nov., from seashore sand, and emended description of the genus Gillisia

A Gram-staining-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated CBA3202T, was isolated from seashore sand on Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain CBA3202T was allocated to the genus Gillisia (family Flavobacteriaceae ) and was most closely related to the type strain of Gillisia mitskevichiae (99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Optimal growth occurred at 25 °C and with 3 % NaCl. The only isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-6 (MK-6), the predominant fatty acids were C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c), and the DNA G+C content was 34.9 mol%. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and several unidentified polar lipids. Based on phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, we conclude that strain CBA3202T represents a novel species of the genus Gillisia , for which the name Gillisia marina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CBA3202T ( = KACC 16693T = KCTC 32030T = JCM 18402T). An emended description of the genus Gillisia is also provided.

Ilumatobacter nonamiense sp. nov. and Ilumatobacter coccineum sp. nov., isolated from seashore sand

Bacterial strains YM16-303T and YM16-304T were isolated from a sample of seashore sand using a medium with an artificial seawater base. Both isolates grew slowly on marine agar, and were found to be Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glycine, alanine and hydroxyglutamic acid, and the acyl type of the muramic acid was glycolyl. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H8). The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains YM16-303T and YM16-304T were most similar to that of Ilumatobacter fluminis YM22-133T, and phylogenetic analyses also indicated that they belong to the genus Ilumatobacter . Ilumatobacter fluminis YM22-133T and strains YM16-303T and YM16-304T should be classified as distinct species in the genus Ilumatobacter , however, since the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between them was low and the major cellular fatty acids and some physiological properties were different. Moreover, average nucleotide identity and maximal unique exact matches index values also supported the conclusion that they represent different species. On the basis of the above analyses, two novel species, Ilumatobacter nonamiense sp. nov. (type strain YM16-303T = NBRC 109120T = KCTC 29139T) and Ilumatobacter coccineum sp. nov. (type strain YM16-304T = NBRC 103263T = KCTC 29153T), are proposed. The order Acidimicrobiales , which contains the genus Ilumatobacter , currently includes six genera and only six species, and they are phylogenetically very far from each other. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that strains YM16-303T and YM16-304T clustered with closely related uncultured actinobacteria but not Ilumatobacter fluminis YM22-133T, suggesting that many uncultured bacteria related to these isolates exist in the environment. This is the first report on interspecies relationships in the order Acidimicrobiales .