Constitutional Features of the Maxillofacial Area of Omsk Young Men

The aim was to determine the morphometric parameters of the maxillofacial area of Omsk young men of 18-20 years of age according to the teleroentgenography of the head (in a lateral projection), taking into account the indicators of cephalometry and anthropometry, to identify regional constitutional features of quantitative values.Material and methods. A cephalometric and somatometric examination of 26 Omsk Slavic young men of 18-20 years of age without concomitant pathology was performed, supplemented by an X-ray examination of the head (to obtain teleroentgenograms in a lateral projection). The analysis of teleroentgenograms was carried out in the online service Mave Cloud.Results. According to the results of anthropometry, the longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the young men's heads, the zygomatic diameter and the full height of the face were assessed; the indicators of body growth, body weight, chest circumference and transverse chest diameter were determined. These indicators were used to calculate the indices. The value of the facial index was 81.86 (79.31; 88.88), the value of the head index was 76.65 (74.27; 79.47), the Rees-Eisenck index corresponded to 97.58 (94.62; 107.48), the Rohrer index was 13.34 (12.07; 15.48), the Pinier index was 11.1 (-10; 22), the Quetelet II index was 23.33 (22.03; 27.71). When analyzing teleroentgenograms, it was revealed that the values of some parameters in Omsk young men of 18-20 years of age differ from the values of the «norm». Thus, the indicators of the lower jaw length (Go-Gn), the ratio of the body of the lower jaw length to the length of the anterior base of the skull (Go-Me/S-N), the length of the posterior base of the skull (S-Ar), the height of the branch of the lower jaw (Ar-Go), the ratio of the heights of the face (S-Go/N-Me), the angle between the axis of the lower incisor and the plane of the lower jaw (IM IMPA) have greater values than the «norm»; and the figures of the angles sum according to Bjork (∠SUM Bjork), mandibular angle (∠Ar-Go-Me), maxillary angle (∠N-Go-Ar), upper jaw inclination angle (∠NSL-NL), lower jaw inclination angle (∠NSL-ML), intermaxillary angle (∠NL-ML), the angle between the lower jaw plane and the Frankfurt horizontal (∠FMA), have values less than the «norm». The values of the saddle angle (∠N-S-Ar) differed in young men with euryprosopic and leptoprosopic facial forms. The quantitative values of the lower jaw angle (ArGo-Me) and the upper jaw angle (N-Go-Ar) differed only in the representatives of the dolichocephalic and mesocephalic forms of the head.Conclusion. Quantitative values of cephalometric and somatometric parameters in Omsk young men of 18-20 years of age have distinctive features. Individual parameters of the maxillofacial area (according to teleroentgenograms) differ in persons with dolichocephalic and mesocephalic forms of the head and in the representatives of euryprosopic and leptoprosopic forms of the face.

Artificial intelligence-based cephalometric landmark annotation and measurements according to Arnett’s analysis: can we trust a bot to do that?

Objective: To assess the reliability of CEFBOT, an artificial intelligence (AI)-based cephalometry software, for cephalometric landmark annotation and linear and angular measurement according to Arnett’s analysis. Methods: Thirty lateral cephalometric radiographs acquired with a Carestream CS 9000 3D unit (Carestream Health Inc., Rochester/NY) were used in this study. The 66 landmarks and the ten selected linear and angular measurements of Arnett’s analysis were identified on each radiograph by a trained human examiner (control) and by CEFBOT (RadioMemory Ltd., Belo Horizonte, Brazil). For both methods, landmark annotations and measurements were duplicated with an interval of 15 days between measurements and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to determine reliability. The numerical values obtained with the two methods were compared by a t-test for independent variables. Results: CEFBOT was able to perform all but one of the ten measurements. ICC values > 0.94 were found for the remaining eight measurements, while the Frankfurt horizontal plane - true horizontal line (THL) angular measurement showed the lowest reproducibility (human, ICC = 0.876; CEFBOT, ICC = 0.768). Measurements performed by the human examiner and by CEFBOT were not statistically different. Conclusion: Within the limitations of our methodology, we concluded that the AI contained in the CEFBOT software can be considered a promising tool for enhancing the capacities of human Radiologists.

Intranasal corticosteroids: patient administration angles and impact of education

INTRODUCTION: Intranasal corticosteroids sprays (INCS) are first line treatment for allergic rhinitis and are frequently used for chronic rhinosinusitis. Improperly aiming INCS increases the risk of epistaxis and may decrease the efficacy of the medication. The goal of this study was to determine how patients position INCS for drug delivery and if verbal or written instructions improve their positioning. METHODS: Patients in rhinology clinics were photographed while administering a generic spray bottle. The angle of the spray bot- tle relative to the patients’ head and a fixed background was determined. RESULTS: A total of 46 participants were included. The average spray angle for the right naris was 10.1o towards the septum and 67.2o below the Frankfurt Horizontal plane. The average spray angle for the left naris was 4.5o towards the septum and 62.2o below the Frankfurt horizontal plane. The angle of the spray bottle ranged from 50o toward the septum to 43o away from the sep- tum. Only 8 patients aimed away from the septum for both nares. Patients who recalled receiving verbal and written instructions aimed the INCS bottle at the lateral wall and inferior turbinate in contrast to patients who only received one form of instruction or no instructions. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients (83%) incorrectly aim INCS when compared to current guidelines. There was statistically significant improvement in the positioning of patients who reported receiving both verbal and written instruction; however, this study high- lights a greater need for patient education.

Correlation of Bite Force Interpretation in Maximal Intercuspal Position among Patient, Clinician, and T-Scan III System

Objective The main purpose of this article was to determine the correlation of bite force in maximal intercuspal position (MIP) among patient’s perceptions, clinician subjective interpretation, and T-Scan III system. Materials and Methods Forty-three dental students at Naresuan University (Phitsanulok, Thailand) participated in the study. Subjects were positioned by Frankfurt horizontal plane paralleled to the horizontal plane and asked to bilaterally clenched in MIP. Patient’s perception was evaluated by asking which side of the jaw had heavier bite force (right, left, or equally on both sides). Then, the clinician subjective interpretation was assessed using traditional occlusal indicators. Furthermore, patient’s bite force was analyzed using T-Scan III. Statistical Analysis Cohen’s weighted kappa test was used to evaluate the correlation of bite force. Results The best correlation between patient’s perception and T-Scan III was at the ± 7.5% cutoff range with 15 subject agreements. While the best correlation between clinician subjective interpretation and T-Scan III was at ± 5.0% cutoff range with 23 subject agreements. Cohen’s weighted kappa indicated slight agreement between T-Scan III and patient’s perception and fair agreement between T-Scan III and clinician. Conclusions Clinician subjective interpretation is more clinically reliable than patient’s perception when T-Scan III is used as a gold standard.

A Comparative Study on Measurement of Maxillary Occlusal Cant Obtained through Facebow Transfer and Using Lateral CEPH.: An in vivo Study

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare measurements of maxillary occlusal cant obtained through facebow transfer and through lateral cephalogram. Method: 40 subjects were included in this study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into two groups: dentulous and edentulous. For edentulous subjects, all the steps of complete denture fabrication were carried out and finished dentures were delivered. Alginate impressions were now made for all the subjects (with complete denture worn in edentulous cases) for both upper and lower arches. The study was conducted in two parts. Facebow transfer was done next and casts were mounted. In first part of the study, sagittal inclination was measured after facebow transfer. After mounting of the casts, four points were marked to measure the inclination of the occlusal plane. In second part, cephalometric evaluation of occlusal plane and Frankfurt horizontal plane was carried out. Angle between Frankfurt horizontal plane and the occlusal plane was maxillary occlusal cant. which was evaluated by tracing. Paired t test was used to compare mean facebow values and lateral ceph values in edentulous subjects. Intergroup comparison between lateral ceph and mean facebow values between dentulous and edentulous subjects was evaluated using independent t test. Results: Facebow measurements gave comparatively higher values in both dentulous and edentulous patients and are subjected to less variation as compared to the lateral cephalogram values p<0.0001. Conclusion: The occlusal plane angle of lateral cephalogram was found to be significantly different from angle obtained through facebow transfer.

A New Horizontal Plane of the Head

AIM: This study aimed to attempt to introduce a new extracranial horizontal plane of the head (K plane that extends from SN to SAE bilaterally) that could act as a substitute to the Frankfurt horizontal intracranial reference plane; both clinically and radiographically.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The new K plane depended on three points of the head. The first was the soft tissue nasion (NS) on the interpupillary line when the subject looked forward at a distant point at eye level. The other two points were the superior attachments of the ears (SAE).RESULTS: The student “t” test comparing mean values of K/V and FH/V was not significant; -0.21. The coefficient of correlation between different variables was highly positively significant (r = 0.98 with probability = 0.001).CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this prospective study, the new K plane was found to be both reliable and reproducible. It can be used as a reliable reference plane instead of Frankfort horizontal plane both clinically and radiographically; as it is an accurate tool for head orientation in the natural head position.

The influence of erupting lateral teeth on maxillary anterior crowding in two Angle Class I maloclussion cases with high and low angles

Two cases of anterior crowding, both Skeletal Class I and Angle Class I maloclussion, one being low angle and the other high angle respectively, respectively, were treated and evaluated to ascertain whether or not there is a relationship among disproportionate mesial axial angulation of the maxillary lateral teeth and the Frankfurt Horizontal- Functional Occlusal plane, therefore generating maxillary anterior crowding. Both cases were Japanese boys, the first one aged 9 years 10 months with chief complaint being anterior crowding and the second case aged 7 years and 8 months complaining of inadequate space for satisfying canine eruption. During and after the second stage of orthodontic treatment on both cases, several radiographic analysis were performed to assess treatment progress and retention; from these radiographs, it was noticed among other findings that in the high-angle case, the axial angulations of the maxillary lateral incisors were markedly smaller than in the low-angle case, thus indicating mesial tipping in the upper dental arch. This decreased mesial axial angulation of the lateral teeth observed at high angles may potentially cause maxillary space deficiency.

HUBUNGAN SUDUT INTERINSISAL DENGAN PROFIL JARINGAN LUNAK WAJAH MENURUT ANALISIS HOLDAWAY PADA MAHASISWA FKG USU RAS CAMPURAN PROTO DAN DEUTRO-MELAYU

Inklinasi insisivus mempunyai peranan penting dalam penentuan estetis wajah terutama sepertiga wajah bawah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan sudut interinsisal dengan profil jaringan lunak wajah. Pengukuran dilakukan menggunakan radiografi sefalometri pada 50 orang mahasiswa FKG USU ras campuran Proto dan DeutroMelayu. Pengukuran dilakukan pada sefalogram lateral yaitu sudut interinsisal yang dibentuk dari sumbu memanjang gigi insisivus pertama atas dan bawah, profil jaringan lunak wajah menurut analisis Holdaway yaitu sudut fasial (N’-Pog’ dan Frankfurt horizontal) dan sudut H(N’-Pog’-Ls). Data dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Pearson’s. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata sudut interinsisal sebesar 120,76º, rerata sudut fasial sebesar 88,60º, dan rerata sudut H sebesar 15,74º. Dapat disimpulkan, bahwa tidak terdapat korelasi antara sudut interinsisal dengan sudut fasial (r= 0,034) tetapi terdapat hubungan sedang antara sudut interinsisal dengan sudut H (r= 0,441).

Minor physical anomalies in patients with first-episode psychosis: their frequency and diagnostic specificity

BackgroundAn increased prevalence of minor physical anomalies (MPAs) has been extensively documented in schizophrenia but their specificity for the disorder remains unclear. We investigated the prevalence and the predictive power of MPAs in a large sample of first-episode psychotic patients across a range of diagnoses.MethodMPAs were examined in 242 subjects with first-episode psychosis (50% schizophrenia, 45% affective psychosis and 5% substance-induced psychosis) and 158 healthy controls. Categorical principal components analysis and analysis of variance were undertaken, and individual items with the highest loading were tested using the χ2 test.ResultsOverall facial asymmetry, assymetry of the orbital landmarks, and frankfurt horizontal significantly differentiated patients with schizophrenia and affective psychosis from controls, as did a ‘V-shaped’ palate, reduced palatal ridges, abnormality of the left ear surface and the shape of the left and right ears. Patients with affective psychosis had significantly lowered eye fissures compared with control subjects.ConclusionsMPAs are not specific to schizophrenia, suggesting a common developmental pathway for non-affective and affective psychoses. The topographical distribution of MPAs in this study is suggestive of an insult occurring during organogenesis in the first trimester of pregnancy.