COVID effect on retailing: a study on consumers’ retailer preferences during economic recession periods: evidence from Turkey as a predominantly Muslim society

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore consumers’ retailer preferences during economic growth and recession periods in a Muslim-intensive country, and to compare the efficiency of retailers of different formats. Design/methodology/approach The data of the retailers operating in different formats in the first two quarters of 2018–2020 are used in the study. The data are analyzed by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The inputs of the DEA model are personnel expenses, rent costs and advertising expenses; and the outputs are sales and profits, which are the main objective of businesses. Because of the structure of the data, the non-oriented approach is used. The efficiency of retailers is determined in the study with super efficiency, which allows retailers to rank their productivity. Findings Findings of study present that consumers exhibited price-oriented behaviors during economic recession periods. DEA findings shows that discount stores are the most efficient retailers. However, study findings also reveal that retailers who support cost-reduction strategies with promotion activities are more efficient than others during economic recession periods. Practical implications Recommendations are made for the decision makers of the retailers in line with the findings of the study. Originality/value The study contributes to the literature by evaluating the consumer preferences and the efficiency of retailers in COVID-19 outbreak period, which is one of the most special periods in world history.

Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal e Gasto Público com Pessoal / Fiscal Responsibility Law and Public Personnel Expenses

Utilizando-se da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal, este artigo tem como objetivos investigar se o poder executivo do estado de Pernambuco cumpriu os limites de gastos com pessoal no período de 2014 a 2019? Como ocorreu a evolução e composição desses gastos? Qual o impacto das receitas de ICMS e Transferências Correntes (TC) na Receita Corrente Líquida (RCL)? Esta pesquisa é classificada como descritiva, bibliográfica e quantitativa. Os resultados demonstraram que o poder executivo ultrapassou o limite de alerta em todos os anos e, por três anos consecutivos (2017, 2018 e 2019), ficou acima do limite prudencial, com destaque para o ano de 2017 que atingiu 48,97% da RCL, quando o limite máximo é de 49%; as despesas com Pessoal Inativo e Pensionistas aumentaram 11% a.a. enquanto com Pessoal Ativo cresceu 5% a.a.; por fim, não foi possível afirmar que o descumprimento dos limites teve como causa apenas as reduções das TC.

Personnel Expenses and Productivity Change in Peruvian Stock Mining Companies

Copper mining activities have a huge importance for both the Peruvian economy and the world. Then, it is important to analyze how mining companies face productivity to stay afloat in the competitive world market. For this reason, Peruvian mining companies were analyzed in the 2016-2019 period by employing the Malmquist index as well as its decomposition. Two-year, three-year, and four-year intervals were used for a better understanding of the results. It was found that the major determinants for productivity change was technical efficiency change and technological switch.

Remuneration, Personnel Expenses and Third Party Expenses in Times of Covid-19 in the Financial Sector

The objective of this research was to determine the statistically significant differences between the semiannual percentages of salaries, personnel expenses and third party expenses of the Peruvian financial sector during the “COVID-19” pandemic. The percentage of administrative expenses of 46 financial entities in Peru was analyzed, and in what proportion they invested in favor of their collaborators; As a result, in terms of remuneration, the Municipal Savings Banks invested in a greater proportion (50.69%), regarding personnel expenses, the Municipal Savings Banks stand out with 16.8%, and in terms of third-party payments, the financial entity that invested the most was Edpymes with 42.30%. Likewise, through the Kruskal Wallis test it was obtained that there are no statistically significant differences in remuneration, payment of personnel and payment to third parties among financial entities in Peru (p value> 0.05). It is concluded that the semester percentage variation in time of COVID-19 with respect to the first semester 2019 has had a minimal change (+ 1.20%. In salaries, -1.6% in personnel payments and -0.05% in third party expenses).

FPA evaluation of digital projects using IFPUG Method

This article considers Function Point Analysis (FPA) as a tool for price substantiation and specification of liabilities for development of digital project, since each new project in the company is analyzed. Information acquired during the analysis forms basis for adoption of critical decisions regarding complexity, resources, frames, terms, expenses, etc. Even strictly defined projects may fall out at later stages without accurate analytical method. Reducing risks of software projects is the most important issue. In general, this starts from definition of exact measures regarding scale, productivity, duration, quality, and other key performances of project efficiency. Advanced methods of analysis, such as FPA, provide clear presentation of each of these metrics related mainly with the amount of project, personnel, expenses and time, which supports management, control, adjustment of software development at early stages of planning.

Relação do índice de gastos com pessoal e a crise fiscal do estado do Rio de Janeiroum estudo comparativo interestadual

Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o índice de gastos com pessoal dos estados e do Distrito Federal no período de 2000 a 2015 a partir do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, após o início da crise subprime, em 2008. A metodologia empregada foi o modelo econométrico de Diferença em Diferença com Ajuste de Poligonais. Os resultados demonstraram que todos estados aumentaram seus índices de gastos com pessoal após o ano de 2008. Todavia, o índice do Estado do Rio de Janeiro superou, comparativamente, aos demais estados da Confederação, após o início da crise subprime, em 2008. ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to evaluate the personnel expenditure of the states and the Federal District between 2000 to 2015 from the State of Rio de Janeiro after the start of the subprime crisis in 2008. The methodology used was the econometric model of Difference in Difference with Polygonal Adjustment. The results showed that all states increased their personnel expenses after 2008. However, the Rio de Janeiro state index surpassed compared to the other states of the Confederation e o Federal District, after the start of the subprime crisis in 2008. Keywords: Subprime Crisis; State Finances; Index of Personnel Expenses; Rio de Janeiro;

Exemptions Resulting from the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) and European Standards for Intangible Investment, Inventories and Personnel Expenditures in Public Entities

Simultaneously with the globalization of economies, it was necessary the adoption and implementation of international accounting standards for the public sector also. In 1996 a set of accounting standards for public sector entities was developed, namely International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS). After 31st July 1998, 32 IPSAS standards, mostly inspired by IASs, centered on model and engagement-based accounting, were issued. IPSAS 1 – Presentation of financial statements relating to the place of intangible assets, inventories and personnel expenses in the content and format of the financial statements is applied to all general purpose financial statements realized under accrual accounting. The IPSAS 12 – Inventory objective is to state the stock accounting treatment. The IPSAS 25 objective – Employee benefits is to state the employee benefits from an accounting perspective.

Actuarial Assumptions for Employees Benefits

Entities that have assumed the obligation to provide benefits to employees both during employment and post-employment, in accordance with international regulations, in particular IAS 19 “Employee benefits”, have the obligation to present to users’ financial payments and rights related to employees. The evaluation of the employees’ benefits is based on actuarial techniques and on professional judgments that require the highlighting of the arguments underlying the identification and establishment of the actuarial hypotheses. To achieve this objective, we conducted research on how to select actuarial assumptions in the process of determining the benefits of employees in an entity in the energy field. The conclusions established highlight the role of the actuarial assumptions chosen in establishing the managerial vision on the obligations to be estimated for the personnel expenses, both present and in the future, in the context of the unpredictable evolution of the dynamics of the employees, as well as of economic circumstances created by constantly changing wage policies.

Innovative propensity with a fuzzy multicriteria approach

Purpose Although R&D plays a crucial role in innovativeness and R&D expenditures is the most widely used tool to measure the level of innovativeness of companies, other variables and inputs may be equally interesting. The purpose of this paper is to define an innovative propensity index (IPI) which considers these variables and allows the identification of those companies which have a higher propensity to implement different types of innovativeness. Design/methodology/approach Taking into account, the different criteria that may be considered in an IPI and that the perception of the relative importance of each criterion is subjective, the use of an innovativeness multicriteria decision methodology has been considered appropriate. In particular, an IPI is built from the weighting of the criteria through FAHP methodology. Data mining techniques are subsequently used to establish a non-supervised ranking (clustering) of a sample of firms, considering their IPI values. Findings The application of an IPI to a sample of 1,639 companies operating in different industrial sectors has helped us to find out that this index is useful for identifying those companies which really show an increased innovative capacity. A comparative analysis by sectors has shown that although there are companies from all sectors with a high innovative propensity, the proportion increases in more technological sectors. Moreover, it has been observed that in companies with higher net personnel expenses and high productivity level the innovative propensity is also higher. Originality/value The criteria used to build the index affects innovativeness individually, but the value of the analysis lies in its multicriteria approach and use of fuzzy logic. The validation of the index in a wide sample of firms is another outstanding aspect of the analysis.