Processamento auditivo central e desnutrição infantil: revisão sistemática / Central auditory processing and child undernutrition: a systematic review

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as prováveis inter-relações entre a desnutrição e as alterações do processamento auditivo central. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de literatura, na qual foram encontrados 2543 estudos. Três trabalhos atenderam a todos os critérios e foram selecionados. Os resultados encontrados na avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo central em sujeitos desnutridos ou com histórico de desnutrição demonstraram alterações na escuta competitiva, habilidade de sequencialização sonora verbal e não verbal, fechamento auditivo e figura fundo. Além disso, na avaliação do processamento por meio de medidas eletrofisiológicas, foram identificadas latências aumentadas nos componentes P1, N1 e P300. Existem prováveis evidências de alteração no processamento auditivo central em crianças com histórico de desnutrição. No entanto, tais inter-relações ainda precisam ser aprofundadas e esclarecidas em outros estudos. Em decorrência da complexidade deste assunto, destaca-se a importância da atuação e pesquisa transdisciplinar nas interfaces da Fonoaudiologia e da Nutrição.Palavras-Chave: Desenvolvimento infantil; Desnutrição; Audição; Perda auditiva; Transtornos da percepção auditiva; Doenças auditivas centraisABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to analyze the possible interrelationships between malnutrition and auditory processing disorders. It is a systematic review of the literature. The search found 2543 studies. The three that met all the study criteria were selected. The results in behavioral auditory processing evaluation in undernourished subjects or subjects with malnutrition history have shown changes in the competitive listening, verbal sound sequencing skills and non-verbal, auditory closure and figure background. Moreover, the evaluation processing through electrophysiological measurements were latencies identified in increased P1, N1 and P300. There is possible evidence of change in auditory processing in children with malnutrition history. However, these interrelationships have yet to be deepened and clarified in other studies. Due to the complexity of this subject, the importance of transdisciplinary research and performance in the speech-language and nutritional interfaces is highlighted.Keywords: Child development; Malnutrition; Hearing; Hearing loss; Auditory perceptual disorders; Central auditory diseases

Salicylate-Induced Auditory Perceptual Disorders and Plastic Changes in Nonclassical Auditory Centers in Rats

Previous studies have shown that sodium salicylate (SS) activates not only central auditory structures, but also nonauditory regions associated with emotion and memory. To identify electrophysiological changes in the nonauditory regions, we recorded sound-evoked local field potentials and multiunit discharges from the striatum, amygdala, hippocampus, and cingulate cortex after SS-treatment. The SS-treatment produced behavioral evidence of tinnitus and hyperacusis. Physiologically, the treatment significantly enhanced sound-evoked neural activity in the striatum, amygdala, and hippocampus, but not in the cingulate. The enhanced sound evoked response could be linked to the hyperacusis-like behavior. Further analysis showed that the enhancement of sound-evoked activity occurred predominantly at the midfrequencies, likely reflecting shifts of neurons towards the midfrequency range after SS-treatment as observed in our previous studies in the auditory cortex and amygdala. The increased number of midfrequency neurons would lead to a relative higher number of total spontaneous discharges in the midfrequency region, even though the mean discharge rate of each neuron may not increase. The tonotopical overactivity in the midfrequency region in quiet may potentially lead to tonal sensation of midfrequency (the tinnitus). The neural changes in the amygdala and hippocampus may also contribute to the negative effect that patients associate with their tinnitus.

Teachers' Perception of Auditory Problems and the Scan

An assessment with 95 children (49 boys) showed teachers' perception of listening behavior agreed with scores on the SCAN, a screening test for auditory perceptual disorders.

The Performance of Children with Auditory Perceptual Disorders on a Time-Compressed Speech Discrimination Measure

A time-compressed version of the PB-K 50 speech discrimination measure was administered to 20 children diagnosed as displaying auditory perceptual disorders. Results indicated that these children performed equally well at both 0 and 30% time compression. Performance decreased significantly at 60% time compression. Comparison of the results with normative data indicated that performance of the two groups of children was similar at the 30% time compression condition but that children with auditory perceptual disorders performed poorer at both 0 and 60% time compression. The results were discussed relative to short-term memory abilities.