Assessment of the level of pollution of water bodies of the Denezhkin kamen reserve by the Shemur field

Waste produced during the extraction of minerals can cause various environmental problems. One of which is polluting underground and surface waters. The purpose of the article is to assess the level of pollution of water bodies of the Denezhkin Kamen reserve by the Shemur ore field. To assess the level of pollution, individual and complex pollution indices, statistical parameters and the ʺQuartileʺ method for calculating emissions are used. An analysis of the geological structure of the territory and physical and geographical conditions of the area was carried out; the level of pollution was assessed; the main causes of pollution were determined; the main pollutants were identified. The waters flowing through the reserve are not polluted they are polluted near the reserve borders. Pollutants are carried downstream over long distances and get into the intakes of local settlements. In the Bannaya River basin, the pollution area is about 80 km; in the Olkhovka River basin, the pollution area is about 60 km. There is a dependence in the change in the concentration of pollutants on seasonality and weather conditions. The main pollutants are those that are contained in large quantities in the overburden rocks of the deposit. Additional studies are required using a sampling program, which was not available during the current studies.

THE STUDY OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN TREE BARK OF ACACIA NILOTICA L. WITH REFERENCE TO AIR POLLUTION AT INDORE, MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA

The atmosphere might seem limitless but about 95% of the air is contaminated with first 12 -15 KM above the earth surface. The quality of the air gets deteriorated as a result of emissions of contaminants from all the mans activities including energy generation, manufacturing of goods and disposal of waste. Thus, to evaluate the effect of Air pollution on physicochemical characteristics a comparative study was undertaken in tree bark of Acacia nilotica L. with reference to different pollution area of Indore city. The result showed the variation in pH values which was recorded from 4.7 to 6.9. The lowest pH 5.0 was found at MPA and VPA in rainy season.Electrical conductivity was higher at all pollution areas. Highest value of electrical conductivity was recorded at VPA in rainy season 297.3 µmohs/cm2.While maximum % increase over LPA was seen in summer season at polluted area.

Efficiency of Commercial Face Masks in PM2.5 Prevention

Background: Thailand has a high air pollution crisis especially in particle matter smaller than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) which affects health quality. People should prevent themselves by using face masks. However, there are many types of commercial face masks. Each type of face mask does not have the same efficiency. Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of commercial face masks including supplement filter of face masks in PM2.5 reduction under breathing simulation. Methods: A tool for evaluating the efficiency of face masks in PM2.5 filtered under breathing simulation was created. Comparisons of the efficiency of each face mask and supplement filter were performed. Results: N95 mask had the highest efficiency (97.2%) followed by surgical mask (56.3% - 83.2%), cotton cloth mask (40.9% - 42.4%), muslin cloth mask (37.8%), and sponge mask (33.5%), respectively. In the part of the supplement filter, the carbon filter had the highest efficiency (88.3% - 98.8%) followed by face wash tissue (63.3%) and air filter for air conditioner (43.3%), respectively. Conclusions: N95 mask or surgical mask for PM2.5 prevention should be used in the high air pollution area. If unable to supply, cloth mask with a supplement filter was an alternative solution, and also a carbon filter was recommended.

Spatial structure of pollution areas from combined heat and power plant (CHP) in Moscow

The main tendencies in the nature air pollution in Moscow from thermal power plants are considered. Emission reductions from CHP high rates are determined by a change of the main factors balance from the fuel mix capacity utilization to upgrading facilities equipment utilization optimization. On the Ochakovskaya CHP example was shown that by reducing emissions the concentration of contaminants decreased. However, the spatial structure of the pollution area has remained. Here, the low concentration zone, which is associated with the wind shadow effect, characterized of high sources, is replaced by a zone of maximum concentration, that in dangerous wind conditions velocity increases to more than 6 times. In addition, there is one zone of pollutants accumulation, within which their concentration increases by more than 7 times. For more rapidly settling suspended particles, there is the maximum concentration near the source (0.8–1.5 km). For well-scattering nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide are reached the maximum concentration farther from the source of emissions (5.5–6.5 km).

Regional air pollution severity affects the incidence of acute myocardial infarction triggered by short-term pollutant exposure: A time-stratified case-crossover analysis

Background Long-term exposure to air pollution results in a high incidence of cardiovascular disease. Whether acute myocardial infarction is triggered by short-term exposure to air pollution is related to the average severity of air pollution in the area.DesignCase-crossover analysis.MethodsThis was a retrospective study based on hospital medical records. The study period was 2017-2018. Research data were collected from Taoyuan Hospital, which is located in a low-severity pollution area, and Taichung Hospital, which is in a high-severity pollution area, and the correlation between short-term air pollution exposure and acute myocardial infarction was analyzed.ResultsThe correlation between short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and acute myocardial infarction was not significant for the cases collected from Taoyuan Hospital (PM2.5 OR: 1.006 & 95% CI: 0.995-1.017; PM10 OR: 0.996 & 95% CI: 0.988-1.003). However, for the cases collected from Taichung Hospital, short-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 (odds ratio: 1.021; 95% confidence interval: 1.002-1.040) and PM10 (odds ratio: 1.010; 95% confidence interval: 1.001-1.020) resulted in high incidence of acute myocardial infarction.ConclusionsShort-term pollutant exposure will increase the incidence of acute myocardial infarction based on the severity of regional air pollution. In addition to addressing traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, the government must formulate relevant policies for reducing air pollution and thus the hazards to national health.

ESTIMATION OF THE VALUE OF OIL LOSS DURING THE SEALING OF THE LINEAR PART OF THE PIPELINE

The characteristics of the oil transportation system of Ukraine are presented, the emergency risks of domestic oil transportation pipeline sys­tems are established. The analysis of the accident rate of oil pipeline trans­port in Ukraine was carried out. The technique for estimating emergency oil leakages in the main pipeline depending on the energy characteristics of the fluid flow and changes in its level in the cross section is developed allowing to determine the volume of oil leakages into the environment from the de­tection of pressure drop to the establishment of stationary conditions of the pipeline operation and its final stop for the purpose of carrying out repairs. Based on the results of the calculations, the graphs which demonstrate the nature of the formation of soil pollution area by leakage from the pipeline are constructed. The linear part of the main oil pipelines is the most dangerous object, as all emergency situations are associated with emergency processes of dif­ferent intensity in the form of oil leakage into the environment and in fact are dangerous when system failures appear. The process and the time period for the formation of the ecological danger zone depend on the amount of oil leakage, its intensity. Emergency leakages of oil and petroleum products from pipelines enter the environment, which is often the soil, forming an area of gassiness, and then reach the surface, polluting the atmosphere.

Petroleum Bottling Model in the Arctic Zone of Krasnoyarsk Region by Neural Network Forecasting

Industrial development and active development of resources in the territory of the fragile Arctic ecosystem requires proper control of technological processes at enterprises located in these areas. Analysis and subsequent modelling of oil and oil products spills are performed in order to elaborate preventive measures concerning emergencies, means and methods of their liquidation being constantly ready to ensure safety of people and territories, as well as to reduce damage and losses as much as possible in case of their occurrence. The methods of oil product spill area assessment used at present, especially in the Arctic zone, have a number of limitations. This article presents modelling of the process of oil products spill to calculate pollutants concentration distribution and prediction of pollution area up to the moment of its localization with the application of neural network methods. The empirical results were got with NeuroPro neural network simulator and the PHOENICS software product were chosen. The simulation results were correlated with the data obtained in the analysis of an accident caused by depressurization of an aircraft fuel transfer pipeline from on an oil-loading pier on a river in the Arctic zone of Krasnoyarsk Krai.

A revised view of the Canis Major stellar overdensity with DECam and Gaia: new evidence of a stellar warp of blue stars

ABSTRACT We present the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) imaging combined with Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) data to study the Canis Major overdensity. The presence of the so-called Blue Plume stars in a low-pollution area of the colour–magnitude diagram allows us to derive the distance and proper motions of this stellar feature along the line of sight of its hypothetical core. The stellar overdensity extends on a large area of the sky at low Galactic latitudes, below the plane, and in the range 230° < ℓ < 255°. According to the orbit derived for Canis Major, it presents an on-plane rotation around the Milky Way. Moreover, additional overdensities of Blue Plume stars are found around the plane and across the Galaxy, proving that these objects are not only associated with that structure. The spatial distribution of these stars, derived using Gaia astrometric data, confirms that the detection of the Canis Major overdensity results more from the warped structure of the Milky Way disc than from the accretion of a dwarf galaxy.

Effect of Plastic Film Residue on Vertical Infiltration Under Different Initial Soil Moisture Contents and Dry Bulk Densities

In arid and semi-arid regions, plastic film mulching can effectively improve crop yield, but with the increase of service life, a lot of residual plastic film (RPF) remains in the soil. The application of a RPF to a soil will alter soil moisture processes, and thus, affect the soil water distribution and its effectiveness. A quadratic regression orthogonal design was used to study the effects of initial moisture content (IMC), dry bulk density (DBD), residual plastic film content (RPFC), and the burial depth of RPF on the migration time of wetting front (MF), moisture content (MC), and accumulative infiltration (AI) of a test soil. It was found that IMC, DBD, and RPFC were the main factors affecting MC, MF, and AI, while the burial depth of RPF had no significant influence. The order of influence for the factors affecting MF was IMC > DBD > RPFC, while the order of influence for the factors affecting MC and AI was DBD > IMC > RPFC. RPFC was parabolic in relation to MF, MC, and AI, when it was in the range of 50–100 kg/hm2, while within the same range MC and AI reached a maximum and MF reached a minimum. The analysis of the interactive responses revealed that when the DBD was greater than 1.29g/cm3, the MF initially decreased and then increased with the increase of RPFC. When the RPFC was more than 100 kg/hm2, the MF initially increased and then decreased with the increase of the DBD. When the DBD was larger than 1.31 g/cm3, the AI initially increased and then decreased with the increase of RPFC. It was apparent that the RPF not only had a blocking effect on the wetting front, but also affected the water flow. When the RPFC was between 50 and 100 kg/hm2, the soil MC was significantly increased. It was suggested that the RPF pollution area should increase the mechanical recovery of plastic film, standardize the use and recycling of agricultural RPF, optimize the planting model, and establish a recyclable model for the treatment of RPF pollution, and it was proposed that the RPFC remaining after recovery of the RPF should be less than 50 kg/hm2.This study can prove the law of soil water movement in the residue film pollution area and provide reference and solution ideas for the comprehensive treatment of residue film pollution in farmland.