Cosine response of pyranometers – Measurements at Pune

Among the various characteristics that determine the overall accuracy and performance of a pyranometer, the strict adherence to the cosine law is an important one. But this cosine response is difficult to realize and to correct for, The cosine response of various types of pyranormeters available at Pune was determined on the optical set up in Central Radiation Laboratory. The results of these studies are presented briefly.

Cosine response of an Indian pyranometer

ABSTRACT .The performance of a pyranometer depends on various characteristics like spectral response, linearity of output. temperature coefficient and dir~tional response" The departure from the cosine law is one of the most difficult to correct for and even to determine individually" The Central Radiation Laboratory has carried out the determination of cosine error at Pune. The results of such a measurement on an Indian made thermoelectric pyranometer are IX"esented and discussed"

Tilt response of pyranometers - studies at Pune

ABSTRACT. Pyranometers are normally used in a horizontal position to measure the global solar irradiance from the sun and sky. Because of the use of the pyranometers at sloping angles for determining the efficiency of the solar energy conversion installations, the effect of the tilled positions have to be quantified. Central Radiation Laboratory at Pune has made its own device and made measurements of the outputs of different pyranometers at different sloping angles. The results are discussed in the paper.

Ripple

In 1962 the United States conducted its final atmospheric nuclear test series, Operation Dominic. The devices tested were designed and built by the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL) and the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory (LRL). During the test series, LRL conducted four tests of a radically new design called the Ripple concept. Tests of the Ripple concept demonstrated performance characteristics that eclipse those of all nuclear weapons designed before or since. For numerous reasons discussed in the article, the Ripple concept was not pursued, but the technology it pioneered has been in continual development—for peaceful purposes—to this day. Until now, very little has been known about these tests and the concept behind them. This article, the result of a multiyear investigation, sheds light on the Ripple program for the first time, allowing for a largely complete account. Included are the origins of the concept and its designer, the technical characteristics, the significant role played by the geopolitical context, the test series in detail, and the cancellation and legacy of the program.

IMPLEMENTING A NEW DIFFUSION BATTERY FOR RADON PROGENY DOSE DETERMINATION

The Australian Radiation Laboratory Diffusion Battery was created in 1992 to evaluate radon progeny dose coefficients based on measured aerosol conditions. The Australian Radiation Laboratory Diffusion Battery used filters, alpha counters and a legacy laptop computer running a PowerBASIC program that controlled the hardware. Because technology has evolved, the original system is not supportable. A replacement system consisting of separate hardware and software modules has been created. The hardware counting module is based on the proven design of the Effective Dosimeter, using modern detectors, electronics, flow sensors, a microcontroller and a secure digital memory card for data storage. The analysis of the data has been implemented in an Excel spreadsheet with Visual Basic for Applications coding to do loops and iterations. Tests of the software with current and historic data sets, all taken with the original Australian Radiation Laboratory Diffusion Battery system, have validated a modern, supportable diffusion battery system.

César Lattes e as técnicas de produção e detecção de mésons: a prática científica como objeto histórico

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar as pesquisas do físico brasileiro César Lattes que, na década de 1940, o levaram a produzir, capturar e identificar os mésons pi e mi. Através do uso de documentos primários inéditos, como os programas das disciplinas que cursou e os cadernos do Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, depositados em arquivos no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos, analisamos as habilidades experimentais que ele adquiriu e aperfeiçoou, combinando instrumentos disponíveis em diferentes instituições e testando previsões teóricas que começavam a circular. Deste modo, tomamos a prática científica de Lattes como objeto histórico, salientando suas estratégias de detecção, que condicionaram a escolha de laboratórios para desenvolver suas pesquisas.

High power RF operations studies at TARLA facility

Turkish Accelerator and Radiation Laboratory (TARLA) is a facility capable of accelerating an electron beam up to 40 MeV. Two beamlines were proposed to generate free-electron laser radiation and bremsstrahlung. The accelerator employs two normal conducting cavities, so-called buncher cavities: subharmonic buncher (SHB) and fundamental buncher (FB), and two cryomodules that house two TESLA cavities each. SHB operates in 260 MHz and FB in 1.3 GHz, and is powered by 1.5 kW and 500 W radio frequency (RF) amplifiers, respectively. Each TESLA cavity is driven by 18 kW saturated high-power solid-state amplifiers (SSA). In addition, a L band pulse compressor system is designed and implemented at the facility to actively promote high-power RF research. Currently, setup of a resonant ring test bench is approved to test the RF components under high power RF conditions. This paper describes the TARLA high power RF, RF controller, and network structures. High power tests and measurements of the RF components of the TARLA beamline are given. Outcomes from the operation of the L band pulse compressor are explained, and the resonant ring test stand is stated as a summary.

Implementación educativa de un simulador virtual para laboratorios de energía nuclear en un curso de Metodología y aplicación de radionucleidos

En este trabajo se presenta un análisis al software educativo de un simulador virtual para la capacitación metodológica y de aplicación práctica de expertos en la manipulación competente de laboratorios de energía nuclear o Laboratorios de Radiación (en inglés, Radiation Laboratory y de ahora en más citados por sus términos en singular y en castellano). Primeramente, se procedió a la investigación sobre el objeto de conocimiento para construir un marco teórico, relevar el estado del arte y presentar el diseño de implementación como estudio de caso experimental mixto cuantitativo y cualitativo con un grupo de estudiantes implicados en la propuesta de enseñanza y aprendizaje en entornos virtuales y presenciales (Blended-Learning, en inglés, término de ahora en adelante citado como B-Learning). Finalmente, se exponen los resultados obtenidos a través de las encuestas, las conclusiones del trabajo y recomendaciones para futuras implementaciones.

Large-Scale Innovative Projects as Temporary Trading Zones: Toward an Interlanguage Theory

Large-scale innovative projects (LSIPs) play a central role in arranging for exploratory and strategic opportunity seeking that transcends organizational and disciplinary boundaries. This paper outlines a theory that addresses the two most salient characteristics of such organizations: their extreme task uniqueness and high degree of interdisciplinarity. Drawing on the work of Peter Galison and the case of the Radiation Laboratory project, we introduce the notion of LSIPs as ‘temporary trading zones’ and posit the centrality of ‘interlanguage creation’ for coordinating such projects. We demonstrate that LSIPs foster and, indeed, practically necessitate the creation of an interlanguage via interaction among three core elements: linguistic representations, project management tools and material representations. Summarizing our observations, we propose a process model of interlanguage creation in LSIPs; this model identifies five critical developmental phases that reveal how the three core elements interact to create an interlanguage.