Aligned Magnetic Field and Radiation Effects on Biomagnetic Fluid over an Unsteady Stretching Sheet with Various Slip Conditions

The aim of the present study is to analyze the effects of aligned magnetic field and radiation on biomagnetic fluid flow and heat transfer over an unsteady stretching sheet with various slip conditions. The magnetic field is assumed to be sufficiently strong enough to saturate the ferrofluid, and the variation of magnetization is approximated by a linear function of temperature difference. The governing boundary layer equations with boundary conditions are simplified by suitable transformations. Numerical solution is obtained by using the bvp4c function technique in MATLAB software. The numerical results are derived for the velocity, temperature, the skin friction coefficient, and the rate of heat transfer. The evaluated results are compared with analytical study documented in scientific literature. The present investigation illustrates that the fluid velocity is decreased with the increasing values of radiation parameter, magnetic parameter, and ferromagnetic interaction parameter, though is increased as the Prandtl number, Grashof number, permeable parameter and thermal slip parameter are increased. In this investigation, the suction/injection parameter had a good impact on the skin friction coefficient and the rate of heat transfer.

Significance of Slippage and Electric Field in Mucociliary Transport of Biomagnetic Fluid

Shear stress at the cilia wall is considered as an imperative factor that affects the efficiency of cilia beatings as it describes the momentum transfer between the fluid and the cilia. We consider a visco-inelastic Prandtl fluid in a ciliated channel under electro-osmotic pumping and the slippage effect at cilia surface. Cilia beating is responsible for the stimulation of the flow in the channel. Evenly distributed cilia tend to move in a coordinated rhythm to mobilize propulsive metachronal waves along the channel surface by achieving elliptic trajectory movements in the flow direction. After using lubrication approximations, the governing equations are solved by the perturbation method. The pressure rise per metachronal wavelength is obtained by numerically integrating the expression. The effects of the physical parameters of interest on various flow quantities, such as velocity, pressure gradient, pressure rise, stream function, and shear stress at the ciliated wall, are discussed through graphs. The analysis reveals that the axial velocity is enhanced by escalating the Helmholtz–Smoluchowski velocity and the electro-osmosis effects near the elastic wall. The shear stress at the ciliated boundary elevates with an increase in the cilia length and the eccentricity of the cilia structure.

Stability and Convergence Analysis of a Biomagnetic Fluid Flow Over a Stretching Sheet in the Presence of a Magnetic Field

This investigated the time-dependent, two-dimensional biomagnetic fluid (blood) flow (BFD) over a stretching sheet under the action of a strong magnetic field. Blood is considered a homogeneous and Newtonian fluid, which behaves as an electrically conducting magnetic fluid that also exhibits magnetization. Thus, a full BFD formulation was considered by combining both the principles of magnetization and the Lorentz force, which arise in magnetohydrodynamics and ferrohydrodynamics. The non-linear governing equations were transformed by using the usual non-dimensional variables. The resulting system of partial differential equations was discretized by applying a basic explicit finite differences scheme. Moreover, the stability and convergence analysis were performed to obtain restrictions that were especially for the magnetic parameters, which are of crucial importance for this problem. The acquired results are shown graphically and were examined for several values of the dimensionless parameters. The flow and temperature distributions were increased as the values of the magnetic parameters were increased. With the progression in time, the flow profile and temperature distribution were also increased. It is hoped that the results of this problem will be used for high targeting efficiency toward determining the maximum values of magnetic field for which accurate flow predictions could be made using a very simple numerical scheme.