Disrupted Treg/Th17 balance in patients with recurrent furunculosis

Aim: Tregs and Th17 functioning may be impaired in patients with recurrent furunculosis (RF); therefore, we analyzed changes in CD4+ lymphocyte T subsets (Treg/Th17) in patients with RF, and assessed the relationships between increased susceptibility to infections and Treg/Th17 status in RF patients and healthy subjects. Material/Methods: Peripheral blood samples from 30 patients with RF and 20 healthy age- and sex-matched subjects were examined. The percentage and number of Th17 cells, Tregs, and other basic lymphocyte subsets were examined. Results: Tregs and CD3+CD4+ count was significantly lower in patients with RF (p <0.0001 and p = 0.0003), while Th17 and CD19+CD25+ cell count was significantly higher (p = 0.0450 and p = 0.0119) in comparison with controls. Strong positive correlations occurred between the following subsets of cells: Th17 and Th CD3+CD4+(r = 0.55, p<0.05); CD3+CD4+T17 and CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes (r = 0.66, p <0.05); CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes and CD3+CD25+ lymphocytes (r = 0.69, p <0.05), and between lymphocytes B and CD19+CD25+ lymphocytes (r = 0.81). Conclusions: Proportions of subpopulations of lymphocytes in patients with RF differ to those in healthy subjects. It is possible that a decrease in the percentage and number of Tregs together with a decrease in the number of CD3+CD4+ and increase in the percentage and number of Th17 may contribute to the pathogenesis of RF.

Staphylococcus aureus and Host Immunity in Recurrent Furunculosis

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the severest and most persistent bacterial pathogens. The most frequent S. aureus infections include impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles, furunculosis, abscesses, hidradenitis suppurativa, and mastitis. S. aureus produces a great variety of cellular and extracellular factors responsible for its invasiveness and ability to cause pathological lesions. Their expression depends on the growth phase, environmental factors, and location of the infection. Susceptibility to staphylococcal infections is rooted in multiple mechanisms of host immune responses and reactions to bacterial colonization. Immunological and inflammatory processes of chronic furunculosis are based on the pathogenicity of S. aureus as well as innate and acquired immunity. In-depth knowledge about them may help to discover the whole pathomechanism of the disease and to develop effective therapeutic options. In this review, we focus on the S. aureus-host immune interactions in the pathogenesis of recurrent furunculosis according to the most recent experimental and clinical findings.

Recurrent Furunculosis: incidence of anaerobes and fungi

Background: The occurrence of recurrent furunculosis is common. However, the only cause for the infection reported till this date was aerobes and prior reported series did not identify anaerobes as causative organisms.Methods: A retrospective study of 1760 patients with furunculosis was to determine the incidence of recurrent furunculosis and its anaerobic etiology.Results: Between Jan 2006 and Nov 2016 we identified 41.76% case of recurrent furunculosis. Within this group aerobes were isolated in 29.53% cases, anaerobes were in 53.60% and fungus was in 16.87%. The genus Fusobacterium neucleatum (28.7%) predominates among anaerobes.Conclusion: This study emphasizes that anaerobes have their own importance in the cases of recurrent furunculosis.

The Diagnostic Value of Ultrasonography in a Case of Unusual Pilomatrixoma

Introduction:Pilomatrixoma or pilomatricoma is a benign appendageal growth, originating from hair cortex cells.Case presentation:We present an unusual case of a 65-year-old female patient who has been diagnosed and treated for a presumed recurrent furunculosis localized on the abdominal area. Ultrasonography raised the suspicion of pilomatrixoma. A large excision was performed and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis.Conclusions:Ultrasonography could be a simple and reliable diagnostic tool in daily practice.

THE FUNCTIONAL STATUS OF NEUTROPHILS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RECURRENT INFECTIONS OF VARIOUS ETIOLOGY

Objective: complex assessment of the functional status of neutrophils in patients with chronic recurrent furunculosis (CRF) and recurrent herpetic infection (RHI). Material and methods. We have studied the functional status of neutrophils: ROS-, NO-production and NET-generation, apoptosis, phagocytosis, and bactericidal ability of 103 patients with CRF and 238 patients with RHI examined during remission and exacerbation stages. Conclusion. The patients examined during remission showed the same type of the functional status changes of neutrophils in comparison with healthy individuals. The exception was the parameters of the bactericidal activity of neutrophils decreased in the patients with CRF. During the acute stage we marked the maximum changes of netosis and apoptosis. We have defined the possibility of using these data for more precise differentiation of exacerbation and remission in patients with CRF and RHI.