Development of hymenaea courbaril l. Var. Stilbocarpa seedlings in different fertilizers and substrate composition

The objective was to test the development of Hymenaea courbaril seedlings in different substrates and different fertilizers. The experiment was conducted at São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Engineering, Ilha Solteira, Brazil in greenhouse Pad & Fan type. Seedlings were grown in same environment and 20 days after sowing they were transplanted into seedlings black bags (5 litres of volume) with following substrates: S1 = soil + organic compound (1:1) and S2 = soil + cellulose residue (1:1). Fertilizer treatments were: T1 = Control, T2 = Osmocote® (15-09-12), T3 = Osmocote® (14-14-14), T4 = conventional fertilizer (04-30-10). The evaluated traits were: plant height (cm), diameter of plants stems (mm), leaves chlorophyll content (mg 100 cm-2) and dry weight of root and shoot (g). The experimental design was completely randomized in factorial scheme 4 x 2 (substrates x fertilizer) totalling eight treatments and 13 repetitions, one plant per plot. According to all evaluated traits, the most indicated substrate for Hymenaea courbaril seedlings development was soil + organic compound using Osmocote® (15-09-12) as fertilizer.

PERFORMANCE OF SPECIES Mabea fistulifera AND Eucalyptus urograndis WITH USE OF CELLULOSE RESIDUE IN DEGRADED AREAS

The planting of forest species contributes to the recovery of degraded areas, and the use of industrial waste can favor this process. However, there is still little information on this aspect in Cerrado. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of seedlings of the native species Mabea fistulifera Mart. and of the exotic hybrid Eucalyptus urograndis, under fertilization with residue of the industrial production of cellulose, in monospecific plantations in degraded area. Fertilization treatments, applied in the planting line, were three doses of the residue (10, 15 and 20 Mg ha -1); conventional mineral fertilizer (NPK); absence of fertilization (control). The experimental design was a randomized block design, with a portion of subdivided parts: species in the portions (15 m x 60 m, n = 4 / species) and treatments in the subportions (15 m x 12 m, n = 1 / treatment / portion) total of 18 plants in each subplot. Survival rate and growth attributes (height, crown diameter, stem diameter at ground level) were evaluated for two consecutive years. The largest increases in seedling survival and growth of both species were provided by mineral fertilization, followed by the 10 Mg ha -1 dose of the residue, which should be the recommended.

Caracterização física e química de substratos com diferentes proporções de resíduo de celulose

The objective of this study was to characterize physic and chemically substrates with different proportions of cellulose residue. The components of substrate used were soil, sand and cellulose residue and the treatments were: T1 = cellulose residue (CR); T2 = CR + soil (1:1); T3 = CR + soil (1:2); T4 = CR + soil (1:3); T5 = CR + sand (1:1); T6 = CR + sand (1:2); T7 = CR + sand (1:3); T8 = CR + soil + sand (1:1:1); T9 = CR + soil + sand (1:2:1); T10 = CR + soil + sand (1:3:1); T11 = CR + soil + sand (1:1:2); T12 = CR + soil + sand (1:1:3). It was evaluated the substrate density, container capacity, pH and electrical conductivity. The pure cellulose residue adapts in respect of physical properties. In relation to electrical conductivity the best results were obtained by mixing cellulose residue with soil and sand. The pH determined in water was high in all substrates.

Cell-wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins of parenchymatous tissues of runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus)

1. Polymers were solubilized from the cell walls of parenchyma from mature runner-bean pods with minimum degradation by successive extractions with cyclohexane-trans-1,2-diamine-NNN′N′-tetra-acetate (CDTA), Na2CO3 and KOH to leave the alpha-cellulose residue, which contained cross-linked pectic polysaccharides and Hyp-rich glycoproteins. These were solubilized with chlorite/acetic acid and cellulase. The polymers were fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography, and fractions were subjected to methylation analysis. 2. The pectic polysaccharides differed in their ease of extraction, and a small proportion were highly cross-linked. The bulk of the pectic polysaccharides solubilized by CDTA and Na2CO3 were less branched than those solubilized by KOH. There was good evidence that most of the pectic polysaccharides were not degraded during extraction. 3. The protein-containing fractions included Hyp-rich and Hyp-poor glycoproteins associated with easily extractable pectic polysaccharides, Hyp-rich glycoproteins solubilized with 4M-KOH+borate, the bulk of which were not associated with pectic polysaccharides, and highly cross-linked Hyp-rich glycoproteins. 4. Isodityrosine was not detected, suggesting that it does not have a (major) cross-linking role in these walls. Instead, it is suggested that phenolics, presumably linked to C-5 of 3,5-linked Araf residues of Hyp-rich glycoproteins, serve to cross-link some of the polymers. 5. There were two main types of xyloglucan, with different degrees of branching. The bulk of the less branched xyloglucans were solubilized by more-concentrated alkali. The anomeric configurations of the sugars in one of the highly branched xyloglucans were determined by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. 6. The structural features of the cell-wall polymers and complexes are discussed in relation to the structure of the cell walls of parenchyma tissues.

DISTRIBUTION OF METHOXYL AND URONIC ACID GROUPS IN CEREAL STRAWS

The distribution of methoxyl and uronic acid groups in wheat and oat straw has been investigated in the following successive fractions: extractive-free straw, pectin-free straw, holocellulose, hemicellulose "A", hemicellulose "B", and "α-cellulose" residue. About 18% of the total methoxyl content of extractive-free straws was found in the holocellulose fraction, the remainder being associated with the lignin portion. Methoxyl groups in the hemicellulose fractions and residues accounted for only about 70% of those present in the holocelluloses. No glycosidic methoxyls were found and the amount of ester methoxyl was too small to account for losses by saponification. The conclusion was reached that some of the ether methoxyls were cleaved during the alkali extraction of the holocelluloses. Methoxyl values in the α-cellulose residues as obtained by the Zeisel method were considerably greater than those of the trimethylamine procedure. Uronic acid groups of the extractive-free straw were almost quantitatively accounted for in the various fractions. The molar ratio [Formula: see text], which was less than unity in the holocelluloses, increased to greater than unity in the hemicelluloses A and B of both straws.