The Impact of Health Education Using Online Learning on Adolescent Knowledge of Anaemia

Anaemia is currently still a global health problem. About 26.8% of Indonesian adolescents suffer from anaemia. Most of them do not realize that they suffer from anaemia, neither do they understand the effects of it; this, therefore, warrants a need for health education by utilizing online technology. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of health education through online learning on the knowledge level of adolescents about anaemia. This study is quasi-experiment research with a pretest–posttest using a control-group design. The sampling technique used was stratified random sampling, with a total of 36 respondents who were divided into control and intervention groups. The respondents were screened using the Haemoglobin Test Strip Monitoring System and data were collected using a questionnaire. Data analysis in this study used the Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney tests. The results showed that there was an increase in the mean knowledge value of anaemic adolescents (p < 0.05) based on the Wilcoxon test results, while based on the Mann–Whitney test, there was no difference between the intervention and control groups (p > 0.05). Health education through online learning media can be given to adolescents because through these media, adolescents can quickly get information related to anaemia anywhere and anytime, and there is a need for active interaction during activities. Keywords: online learning, health education, anaemia, adolescents

Risk-based diabetes screening in a Hungarian general practice: comparison of laboratory methods and diagnostic criteria

Aim: Aim of cross-sectional study was to survey the risk of diabetes mellitus in a severely disadvantaged Hungarian community and then to use laboratory tests to screen for potential carbohydrate metabolism disorders among those in the moderate- and high-risk groups. Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus shows a worrisome trend worldwide. Low socio-economic status significantly affects the development of diabetes, healthy life years and life expectancy. Method: Diabetes risk of the population was surveyed with the FINDRISC (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score) questionnaire, followed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glycated haemoglobin test of moderate- and high-risk patients. Findings: In sample of 551 subjects, moderate or high risk for diabetes was confirmed in 147 patients (26.68%). There was significant correlation between increased risk and age (P < 0.001) and between increased risk and body mass index (P < 0.001). Significant difference was confirmed between incidences for disease based on the results of OGTT and glycated haemoglobin test when two different criteria systems were used. Age was the strongest predictor of pre-diabetes/diabetes (P = 0.016). The presence of metabolic syndrome increased the level of glycated haemoglobin by an average of 0.2% in normal glycemic status.

Gambaran Tingkat Kejadian Anemia Dan Perkembangan Balita Usia 6 - 60 Bulan

In Indonesia, there are more than half of under-five children suffer from malnutrition resulting in growth retardation, the decrease of cognitive function, psychomotor and the immune system of children. These problems occur because children suffering from malnutrition will experience lack of energy and protein as well as the shortage of some important micronutrients. The purpose of the research to know the description of the development of toddlers and the incidence rate of anemia on the group. This was an analytical- correlation research which involved a cross sectional approach. The population of the research included 603 toddlers aged 6 months-5 years old with research samples by 158 toddlers taken by purposive sampling. The primary data were collected using Denver Development Screening Test (DDST) dan Digital Haemoglobin Test. The analysis used Kendall’s tau. The result showed that 49,4% of toddlers suffered from mild anemia, and 69,6% of them had normal development. The majority of toddlers suffering from anemia also had normal development.

The justice, the glycosylated haemoglobin and the government of appropriateness

BACKGROUND The misappropriateness is one of the principal critical situations in the Laboratory Medicine by an estimation of about 30-40% of all demands. It results in a very high number of requested tests with possible relapses on the patient health. Obviously, the problem is also economic, therefore, undoubtedly, in the view of a principle of justice, the limited SSN economic resources must be diverted only to prescriptions useful for public welfare. AIM OF STUDY In this work, the prescription of the glycosylated haemoglobin test is evaluated in the prospective of the “justice”. This test is considered as an example of all prescriptions whose rational modalities of use have not yet been overall accepted by the scientific community. The critical situation obviously reflects on the functional use of resources, which are becoming more and more limited and therefore have to be directed only to the procedures really useful to the patient. We remark how the three principal government systems of offered laboratory services (political/administrative measures such as sanitary ticket, active rules related to scientific/health care criteria and guide lines) have demonstrated evident drawbacks whose basic indicator is represented by high rates of misappropriateness. Therefore, more diligence and involvement of physicians are required in order to propose real solutions coming from scientific premises for better diagnostic test prescriptions. It is underlined that without a direct, effective control of appropriateness, and consequently of the costs, by the clinical staff, it is inevitable that there will be somebody else who will decide and govern the demand of prescriptions in the absence of any scientific rules. CONCLUSIONS At last, solutions are proposed for reducing the number of misappropriated requests. The opportunities coming from the information technology could permit a structural solution to the problem using a software that can automatically drive prescriptions. The aim is to give the physicians a series of “measures of prescription”, produced by experts, that are then progressively spread to the majority of laboratory services. The instructions can be real timeupdated and allow a widespread and well-blended knowledge all over the national territory. Prescriptions in agreement with “the instructions” would be carried out also in the hospital place.