Pencegahan Perilaku Merokok Remaja Melalui Penyuluhan Bahaya Rokok Elektrik dan Konvensional

The purpose of this community service activity is to increase knowledge and understanding of the dangers of smoking for adolescents. Activities are carried out online using the Zoom Meeting application in June 2021. The method of activity by providing socialization of the dangers of smoking to adolescents. The community service participants are 8th grade junior high school students, totaling 64 children. Based on gender, the service participants consisted of 34 male students (53,13%) and 30 female students (46,87%). Based on pre-test, 40,5% of students did not know the dangers of smoking and 59,5% of students knew the dangers of smoking. Based on the results of the post test, it was found that there was an increase in knowledge about the dangers of smoking. As many as 98% know about the dangers of smoking and 2% are less aware of the dangers of smoking. Counselling related to the dangers of smoking can increase adolescent awareness of the magnitude of the adverse effects of smoking on health.

Direct and indirect healthcare costs of lung cancer CT screening in Denmark: a registry study

IntroductionA study based on the Danish Randomised Controlled Lung Cancer Screening Trial (DLCST) calculated the healthcare costs of lung cancer screening by comparing costs in an intervention group with a control group. Participants in both groups, however, experienced significantly increased negative psychosocial consequences after randomisation. Substantial participation bias has also been documented: The DLCST participants reported fewer negative psychosocial aspects and experienced better living conditions compared with the random sample.ObjectiveTo comprehensively analyse the costs of lung cancer CT screening and to determine whether invitations to mass screening alter the utilisation of the healthcare system resulting in indirect costs. Healthcare utilisation and costs are analysed in the primary care sector (general practitioner psychologists, physiotherapists, other specialists, drugs) and the secondary care sector (emergency room contacts, outpatient visits, hospitalisation days, surgical procedures and non-surgical procedures).DesignTo account for bias in the original trial, the costs and utilisation of healthcare by participants in DLCST were compared with a new reference group, selected in the period from randomisation (2004–2006) until 2014.SettingFour Danish national registers.ParticipantsDLCST included 4104 current or former heavy smokers, randomly assigned to the CT group or the control group. The new reference group comprised a random sample of 535 current or former heavy smokers in the general Danish population who were never invited to participate in a cancer screening test.Main outcome measuresTotal healthcare costs including costs and utilisation of healthcare in both the primary and the secondary care sector.ResultsCompared with the reference group, the participants in both the CT group (offered annual CT screening, lung function test and smoking counselling) and the control group (offered annual lung function test and smoking counselling) had significantly increased total healthcare costs, calculated at 60% and 48% respectively. The increase in costs was caused by increased use of healthcare in both the primary and the secondary sectors.ConclusionCT screening leads to 60% increased total healthcare costs. Such increase would raise the expected annual healthcare cost per participant from EUR 2348 to EUR 3756. Cost analysis that only includes costs directly related to the CT scan and follow-up procedures most likely underestimates total costs. Our data show that the increased costs are not limited to the secondary sector.Trial registration numberNCT00496977.