Latihan Gabungan Penyelamatan Diri Dari Bencana Banjir Kerjasama Prodi Ners, BPBD, PPNI Dan Karang Taruna Kelurahan Bentiring

ABSTRAKBanjir merupakan luapan air yang melebihi tinggi muka air normal sehingga meluap dari palung sungai yang menyebabkan terjadinya genangan air dilahan rendah. Pada umumnya banjir terjadi karena curah hujan yang tinggi yang mengakibatkan sistem pengaliran air yang terdiri dari sungai dan anak sungai serta sistem saluran drainase dan kanal penampung banjir buatan yang ada tidak mampu menampung akumulasi air hujan sehingga meluap (Mandasari, 2020). Banjir merupakan bencana alam yang ketiga terbesar didunia yang telah banyak menelan korban jiwa dan kerugian harta benda (BNPB, 2016), (BNPB, 2012). Angka kejadian banjir bandang di Bengkulu menuruti peringkat ke 7 secara nasional dengan 28 kali kejadian banjir bandang dan 231 kejadian banjir (Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia, 2018), sedangkan kejadian banjir dan tanah longsor di provinsi Bengkulu telah melanda 9 kabupaten dan kota dengan dampak akibat banjir terdapat 30 jiwa meninggal, 6 jiwa hilang, 4 jiwa luka-luka, 12.000 mengungsi dan 13.000 terdampak akibat banjir (BNPB Provinsi Bengkulu, 2019). Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan keterampilan kelompok karang taruna dalam melakukan penyelamatan diri dari bencana banjir sehingga dapat mengurangi angka kerugian dan kematian saat terjadi banjir di kelurahan bentiring Kota Bengkulu. Terdapat perubahan keterampilan tentang cara penyelamatan diri dari bencana banjir, dengan demikian latihan gabungan penyelamatan diri dari bencana banjir pada kelompok karang taruna di kelurahan bentiring Kota Bengkulu sangat efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan kelompok karang taruna dalam melakukan penyelamatan diri agar dapat mengurangi angka kerugian dan kematian saat terjadi banjir. Diharapkan dengan melakukan latihan gabungan penyelamatan diri, masyarakat menjadi lebih siap saat terjadi banjir. Kata Kunci: Latihan Gabungan, penyelamatan diri, banjir. ABSTRACTFlooding occurs when the regular water level of a river exceeds the capacity of the riverbed, causing pools on low terrain. Floods are caused by excessive rainfall, which causes a water drainage system comprised of rivers and tributaries, as well as drainage systems and artificial flood storage canals, to become unable to accept the buildup of rainwater, causing it to overflow. (Mandasari, 2020). Floods are the world's third-largest natural disaster, claiming many lives and causing significant property damage (BNPB, 2016). (BNPB, 2012). Bengkulu ranks 7th in the country for flash floods, with 28 flash floods and 231 floods (Indonesian Central Statistics Agency, 2018), while floods and landslides have impacted 9 districts and cities in Bengkulu province. 30 people died in floods, 6 people went missing, 4 people were injured, 12,000 people were displaced, and 13,000 people were affected (BNPB Bengkulu Province, 2019). The purpose of this community service project is to develop the skills of young groups in self-rescue from flood disasters so that they can reduce the number of losses and deaths in Bentiring Village, Bengkulu City when floods come. The combined exercise to save themselves from flood disasters in youth groups in Bentiring village, Bengkulu City, has been highly beneficial in developing the skills of youth groups in carrying out self-rescue in order to limit the amount of losses and deaths when floods come. The community will be better prepared in the case of a flood if they practice collaborative self-rescue exercises. Keywords: combined exercise, self-rescue, flood.

Assessment of the geomorphic effectiveness of controlled floods in a braided river using a reduced-complexity numerical model

Most Alpine rivers have undergone significant alterations in flow and sediment regimes. These alterations have notable effects on river morphology and ecology. One option to mitigate such effects is flow regime management, specifically through the reintroduction of channel-forming discharges. The aim of this work is to assess the morphological changes induced in the Piave River (Italy) by two distinct controlled-flood strategies, the first characterized by a single artificial flood per year and the second by higher-magnitude but less frequent floods. This work involved applying a two-dimensional reduced-complexity morphodynamic model (CAESAR-LISFLOOD) to a 7 km long reach, characterized by a braided pattern and highly regulated discharges. Numerical modelling allowed the assessment of morphological changes for four long-term scenarios (2009–2034). The scenarios were defined considering the current flow regime and the natural regime, which was estimated by a stochastic physically based hydrologic model. Changes in channel morphology were assessed by measuring active-channel width and braiding intensity. A comparison of controlled-flood scenarios to a baseline scenario (i.e. no controlled floods) showed that artificial floods had little effect on channel morphology. More channel widening (13.5 %) resulted from the high-magnitude flood strategy than from the application of the other strategy (8.6 %). Negligible change was observed in terms of braiding intensity. The results indicate that controlled floods do not represent an effective solution for morphological recovery in braided rivers with strongly impacted flow and sediment regimes.

Modelling the impact of dams on flood-recession agriculture in the Omo valley: a satellite-data based analysis

<p>Conflicting stakeholder interests in water systems such as power generation, agriculture and local livelihoods have required the development of an integrated approach to water resources management. An important livelihood for many African rural communities is flood-recession agriculture. Especially in monsoonal climates, river adjacent sites that are inundated by seasonal flood pulses provide humid and fertile soils of high value for small-scale agriculture. Alterations to natural flood regimes due to the construction of water infrastructures (e.g. dams) threaten this practice by reducing flooding of riparian areas. Artificial flood releases from reservoirs have the potential to counter such alteration, but in order to maximize their effectiveness many aspects are yet to be studied. In particular, in a context where resources are shared among multiple stakeholders, little research has been done on how to ensure sufficient flood magnitude to protect communities from the risk of crop failure.</p><p>As part of the national hydropower development strategy, Gibe III dam is in operation on the Omo river in southern Ethiopia since 2015, and local populations practicing flood-recession agriculture in the downstream Omo valley have been exposed to reduced or absent seasonal floods. The development of a large, state-owned irrigation district along the river course further reduced water availability in the region of its delta, where flood-recession agriculture was practiced the most. For artificial floods from Gibe III dam to be effective, we developed an indicator to assess water needs for flood-recession agriculture and to include them in reservoir policy optimizations. Lack of ground data and remoteness of the area were the main challenges of this work, preventing direct data acquisition and extensive stakeholder participation. We used high-resolution satellite imagery taken annually to quantify the yearly extent of flood-recession agriculture in the region and linked it to estimated past streamflow magnitudes simulated by means of a distributed hydrological model.</p><p>We observed a strong correlation between historical extents of flood-recession agriculture fields in the study area and river streamflow, allowing to build an indicator for livelihood flood requirements that was included in the evaluation of alternative development pathways. We used the designed indicator to assess the impact of alternative management strategies with varying sectoral trade-offs, combined with multiple system configurations representing present and planned infrastructural development of the region. Preliminary results show that appropriately designed development pathways can substantially limit damages to flood-recession agriculture practices. This indicator will contribute to planning effective artificial flood releases and to capturing rural communities’ agriculture needs.</p>

Assessment of geomorphic effectiveness of controlled floods in a braided river using a reduced-complexity numerical model

Most Alpine rivers have undergone strong alteration of flow and sediment regimes. These alterations have notable effects on river morphology and ecology. One option to mitigate such effects is the flow regime management, specifically by the re-introduction of channel-forming discharges. The aim of this work is to assess the morphological changes induced in the Piave River (Italy) due to two different controlled flood strategies, the first characterized by a single artificial flood per year and the second by higher magnitude, but less frequent, floods. The work was carried out applying a 2D reduced-complexity morphodynamic model (CAESAR-LISFLOOD) to a 7 km-long reach, characterized by a braided pattern and highly regulated discharges. The numerical modelling allowed the assessment of morphological changes for four long-term scenarios (2009–2034). The scenarios were defined taking into account the current flow regime and the natural regime, which was estimated by a stochastic physically-based hydrologic model. Changes in channel morphology were assessed by measuring active channel width and braiding intensity. Comparing controlled flood scenarios to a baseline scenario (i.e., no controlled floods) it turned out that artificial floods had small effects on channel morphology. The highest channel widening (13.5 %) was produced by the release strategy with higher magnitude floods, while the other strategies produced lower widening (8.6 %). Negligible change was observed in terms of braiding intensity. Results pointed out that controlled floods may not represent an effective solution for morphological recovery in braided rivers strongly impacted in their flow and sediment regimes.