Vulvovaginal candidasis among female patients attending Yusuf Dantsoho Memorial Hospital and Barau Dikko Specialist Hospital Kaduna

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a major cause of lower genital infections in women, especially in developing countries and cause significant morbidity and financial burden on the already weak economy. The objective was to isolate and identify Candida spp responsible for Vulvovaginitis. Two hundred (200) vaginal swabs were collected from female patients 15years and above, attending Yusuf Dantsoho Memorial Hospital (YDMH) and Barau Dikko Specialist Hospital (BDSH) all within Kaduna metropolis. The samples were analysed for the presence of Candida spp using standard procedures of microscopy, culture and biochemical identification. The overall incidence of VVC was 79.5% (159/200), with higher incidence among patients attending Yusuf Dantsoho Memorial Hospital 84.8% (117/138), than Barau Dikko Memorial Hospital 67.7% (42/62). Four (4) yeast species were isolated and identified which include Candida krusie, Candida parapsilosis and Candida glabrata. C. krusie had the highest percentage occurrence of 42.5% (39/159), while C. parapsilosis had the least percentage occurrence of 11.3% (18/159). Higher incidence was recorded among age group 40 and above 92.8% (13/14) and lowest among age group 31-40 76.5% (39/51). Highest incidence was also recorded among widow 100% (18/18) and lowest among married 76.8% (109/142). The high percentage of positive samples is an indication that there is a high incidence of candidiasis among the study population. There is need for regular screening of women for VVC and other sexually transmitted infections. Key words: Incidence, Vulvovaginal Candidiasis, Isolation, Kaduna.

DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS (DVT) IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU) AND PREVENTION

Purpose: To determine the rate of Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Effective DVT prophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin in ICU patients. Materials and method: Descriptive Study. 120 patients were admitted ICU from June, 2016 to January, 2016. with age > 18 years, APACHE II score> 18 and is expected to lie ≥ 6 days of treatment, and quantitative D-dimer, doppler ultrasound lower limb venous doppler have pressed. Follow up and re-test the Doppler ultrasound scan after 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and end after 1 month. Results: (i) In our study the rate of DVT is 46.7%, which essentially undetectable at the time of admission of patients at 76.8% and 23.2% being in the days following. (ii) 34% of patients are used prophylactic DVT, The incidence of DVT in the group prophylaxis is lower than with no prophylaxis, this is statistically significant with P <0.001. Conclusion: (i) The incidence of DVT in ICU patients in the study 46.7%. (ii) 34% of patients with DVT prophylaxis, DVT prophylaxis is effective with P <0.001. Key words: Incidence, deep vein thrombosis, prevention

The effect of feed type on mouth lesions in slaughter cattle

The incidence of tongue lesions in slaughter cattle was 19.1%. Although the incidence of lymph node enlargement was low, it was five times higher in cattle with tongue lesions. Carcass weights were not affected by the presence of mouth lesions. The incidence of lesions was significantly higher (P < 0.00001) for cattle finished on silage from semi-dwarf rough awn (29.3%) compared to normal stem rough awn (13.5%) and normal stem smooth awn (11.8%) barley. Key words: Incidence, lesions, tongue, barley, cattle.

Incidence of Liver Flukes and Gastro-Intestinal Parasites in Cattle

The prevalence and seasonal variation in liver fluke and gastro-intestinal parasites were studied in native (n = 360) and crossbred (n = 360) cattle with four age groups ( < 12 months, >12-24 months, >24-36 months and >36 months) and three seasons (summer, rainy and winter) in Trishal Upazilla, Mymensingh district for a period of November 2002 to October 2003. Feces were collected to examine the worm load in each of the animal. The maximum rate of infection of gastro-intestinal parasite was recorded in crossbred cattle with the exception of Strongylid. In the rainy season highest gastro-intestinal parasitic infestation was observed. The infection rates of Fasciola, Paramphistomum, Trichuris and Schistosoma were highest in the age group >36 months and lowest in the age group < 12 months. The infection rates of Ascaris, Strongylid, Strongyloids and Moniezia were very high in the age group < 12 months and low in the age group >36 months. Key words: Incidence, liver fluke, gastro-intestinal parasites, native and crossbred cattle doi:10.3329/bjvm.v4i1.1523 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2006). 4 (1): 39-42

Incidence and Management of Hairy Caterpillar (Spilarctia obliqua Walker) on Sesame

Incidence and management of hairy caterpillar, Spilarctia oblique (Walk.) on sesame were studied in the field and laboratory of the Oilseed Research Centre, BARI, Gazipur, during March to July, 2000 and 2001, respectively. The pest appeared in the sesame crop in the fourth week of April at the flowering stage at 45-55 Days After Sowing (DAS) and remained up to third week of June at the pod maturity stage at 90-95 DAS. The peak populations of S. oblique (4.00 – 4.50 larvae per plant) and their severe infestation (100% plant) were recorded in the fourth week of May, at the pod filling stage at 60-70 DAS of the crop. The yield reduction of sesame caused by S. obliqua in the treatments 1 spray, 2 sprays, 3 sprays, and 4 spray frequencies with Diazinon 60 EC @ 2 ml/litre were calculated 25.00, 30.86, 35.24 and 37.23 percent, respectively. One spray of Diazinon 60 EC applied at the pod formation stage at 50-55 DAS gave the highest benefit cost ratio (4.20). Key words: Incidence, hairy caterpillar, sesame, infestation, management.