Physics Oseanography Around Artificial Reef On The Pantai Of Damas, Trenggalek District, East Java

Damage to coral reefs is generally caused by destructive fishing activities, they were the usega of explosives, cyanide toxic materials, coral mining for building materials, anchor boat anchors, and the results of sedimentation. Efforts to speed up the process of coral reef recovery, several methods of rehabilitation that can be done include coral transplantation and sinking of artificial reefs. The artificial reef is an alternative to reduce the pressure caused by fishing and destruction of natural coral reefs through the creation of new productive fishing grounds. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of water parameters (physical oceanography) for biota around artificial reefs based on Geographic Information Systems. The results of identification of oceanographic parameters in the waters of Damas Beach, Trenggalek Regency consist of: (a). depths range from 0-45 meters, (b). brightness ranges from 2 - 6 meters, (c). water temperature ranges from 25.18-29.59ºC, (d). water turbidity ranges from 0.3-4.32 NTU, (e). type of substrate base waters of Damas Beach fine black sand, (f). current speed ranges from 0.1-0.4 m/s, (h). the average wave height of Damas Beach in the morning, afternoon and evening is 5.6 cm, 8.14 cm and 6.2 cm, (i). the total suspended solid waters of Damas Beach range from 35-351 mg/L. The physical oceanographic parameters are still safe for the growth and development of biota in the waters of Damas Beach, Trenggalek Regency.

Struktur Komunitas Ikan Karang dan Tutupan Karang pada Terumbu Buatan Artificial Patch Reef (APR)

Artificial Patch Reef (APR) have been applied as a new method for Biodiversity Conservation Program at Panjang Island, Jepara since 2015. Previous study suggested that design and location of artificial reefs installation affected to abundance of reef fishes, associated with the artificial reef. This study aims to investigated community structure of reef fishes associated to artificial patch reef comparing to reef fishes in nearby natural reefs. Assessment of coral reef condition on two habitats were conducted on July 2019, after 4 years deployment. The results show that artificial patch reefs with a percentage of live coral cover are less than half of natural coral reefs, and have succeeded in increasing the abundance of reef fish with nearly the same density and community structure resembling reef fish in natural coral reefs. The similarity in community structure of the two habitats is probably due to the similarity in habitat type and morphology of the hard corals. The results indicate that Artificial Patch Reef (APR) reefs have increased the coral cover of Acropora branching and resulted in increased reef fish abundance which is compatible with reef fish communities associated with natural coral reefs around it. Aplikasi metode baru terumbu buatan Artificial patch Reef (APR) pada Program Konservasi Bioiversitas Pulau Panjang, Jepara telah dilakukan sejak 2015. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa pemilihan desain dan lokasi pemasangan terumbu buatan yang tepat akan meningkatkan kelimpahan ikan karang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keberhasilan penerapan terumbu buatan APR melalui kelimpahan ikan karang yang berasosiasi pada terumbu buatan dan terumbu karang alami di sekitarnya. Penilaian kondisi terumbu karang tersebut telah dilakukan pada Juli 2019 setelah 4 (empat) tahun pemasangan terumbu buatan. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa terumbu buatan dengan persentase tutupan karang hidup lebih kecil, separuhnya dari tutupan pada terumbu karang alami telah berhasil meningkatkan kelimpahan ikan karang dengan densitas hampir sama dan struktur komunitasnya menyerupai ikan karang yang berasosiasi dengan terumbu karang alami. Kesamaan struktur komunitas kedua habitat kemungkinan akibat kesamaan tipe habitat dan morfologi karang keras penyusunya. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa terumbu buatan Artificial patch Reef (APR) telah meningkatkan tutupan karang bercabang Acropora dan berakibat terhadap meningkatnya kelimpahan ikan karang yang sesuai dengan komunitas ikan karang yang berasosiasi dengan terumbu karang alami di sekitarnya.

Coral diversity on artificial reef from coconut shells in northern Bali, Indonesia

Artificial reef from natural product bioreeftek is very easy to apply and can be found in many tropical coastal areas namely coconut shells with natural coral recruitment. The purpose of this study was to calculate the percentages of coral cover, ratio and clustering. At the two research sites in North Bali, Pemuteran - Napoleon reef, depth 5-6m-reef slope found 13 species of live coral from 9 bioreeftek: Porites sp 32%, Pocillopora damicornis 13%, Seriatopora sp 10%, Acropora palifera, Acropora sp, Goniastrea sp, Favia sp, Pachyseris sp = 6%; Montipora sp - Echinopora sp - Favites sp - Fungia fungites and Leptoseris sp = 3%. At the Lovina - Adirama Temple, depth of 6m-reef flat was found in 14 species from 14 bioreeftek: Acropora palifera 24%, Pocillopora damicornis 21%, Porites sp 7%, Montipora sp 4% - Acropora sp - Pavona sp = 3%, Platygyra sp 2%, Acropora humilis - Millepora = 1%. Cluster Analysis showed all corals on two sites are correlated in percent cover, characteristics, influences and occurrences. Artificial reefs with natural materials such as coconut shells are necessary developed in addressing the degradation of coral reef ecosystem. The added value of bioreeftek is insertion/inserted method of coral.

The Porosity and Human Gingival Cells Attachment of Synthetic Coral Scaffold for Bone Regeneration

Porosity and interconnectivity play an important role in the success of tissue engineering because it affects cells to live and grow. Coral has been used as a bone replacement material because the structures resemble bone and have mechanical bone properties. In this study, the synthetic coral scaffold was developed to mimic the natural coral. This study aims to investigate the porosity of the scaffold and its biocompatibility while it is attached to human gingival cells. Synthetic coral scaffold in various compositions were prepared, porosity percentage measurement and human gingival cell attachment test were done. An optimum ratio of the scaffold with gelatin: CaCO3, having the highest porosity and cell attachment is obtained in 5:5. The result of this study presented that synthetic coral scaffold could provide the microenvironment to cells for life because it is supported by the highest percentage of porosity.

Histological Examination of the Osteogenic Properties of White Acropora Coral Grainules Sized 50–150 μm Under Subcutaneous Administration in the Experiment

The aim of research was to study morphological characteristics of the osteogenic properties of the natural white Acropora coral skeleton granules when implanted under the skin.Material and methods. The study included 60 sexually mature male Wistar rats. The object of the morphological study was subcutaneous implants isolated for different periods of the experiment. The experimental animals were divided into three groups, 20 animals each. In the 1st and 2nd groups the granules were placed in a gelatin capsule, in the 3rd group – the granules were implanted directly under the skin of the animals. When preparing implants for the 1st group, the granules were treated with the blood of an animal taken from the tail vein during surgery. Implants for the 2nd group of animals were not treated with blood. Histological research methods (hematoxylin and eosin staining according to Mallory, Weigert–Van Gieson, and Masson–Goldner; staining to determine the age of fibrin (BioVitrum)) were used in the study; the results were statistically processed.Results. The results obtained demonstrated that heterotopic bone formation based on granules from the skeleton of natural coral was only possible when they were in wide contact with blood on the first day of the experiment. The results of the study also evidenced that blood clot elements, fibrocytes, and osteoblasts were the source for the development of newly formed bone tissues. The gelatin capsule allowed temporarily restricting coral granules from the surrounding tissues with peripheral venous blood cells inside; the fact contributing to the formation and accumulation of cellular elements and subsequently leading to the formation of young bone tissues.Conclusions. As demonstrated, subcutaneous implantation of coral granules in a gelatin capsule without blood did not result in osteogenesis. Due to the apparent osteoinductive potential, natural coral skeleton granules applied according to the proposed method are considered to be an alternative to other osteoplastic materials for the stimulation of de novo bone formation.

Sunken Worlds: The Past and Future of Human-Made Reefs in Marine Conservation

Structures submerged in the sea by humans over millennia provide hard and longstanding evidence of anthropogenic influence in the marine environment. Many of these human-made reefs (HMRs) may provide opportunities for conservation despite having been created for different purposes such as fishing or tourism. In the middle of controversy around the costs and benefits of HMRs, a broad analysis of biodiversity and social values is necessary to assess conservation potential. This requires reframing HMRs as social–ecological systems, moving beyond comparisons with natural coral or rocky reefs to consider their roles as ecosystems in their own right; creating frameworks to track their type, number, size, units, location, characteristics, origins, social uses, and associated biodiversity locally and worldwide; and applying systematic assessment of conservation benefits in relation to stated conservation intentions. This integrative approach can catalyze learning, identify conservation opportunities, and inform positive management of HMRs into the future.