Degenerative Disc Diseases: A Brief Review

Back pain of different etiology is a common encountered symptoms in daily practice. Several factors were associated with the development of degenerative disease (DDD) of the intervertebral disc (IVD). The intervertebral disc, usually asymptomatic but once became symptomatic it will be presented as a low back pain with is consider the main complain among the patient with IVD. Both genetic as well as environmental factors lead to progressive redaction in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition which resulted overtime in weak IVD. Clinically back pain divided into two main categories: Inflammatory versus mechanical back pain, DDD typically present with mechanical type lower back pain. In patient with compatible history and physical exam findings, diagnosis of DDD can be confirmed by computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or provocative discography. The DDD can be manage with several treatment strategies such as conservative therapy which aim to relief the pain, on the other hand, surgical approach which aim to definitely treat the DDD. The current study aims to provide a brief review about degenerative disc diseases.

An Overview in the Management of Lumbar Degenerative Disc Diseases: Review Article

The degenerative disease of the intervertebral disc and back pain are chronic conditions that are caused by several factors and represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality in everyday clinical practice. The study aims to summarize the updated evidence regards epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and management of degenerative disc diseases. The incidence of low back pain, which is the main symptom in Intervertebral Disc (IVD) disease, varies widely among different reports. It is the fifth most common cause for the visit to the doctor and affects 7.6 to 37% of patients. IVD degeneration is attributed to a complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors. DDD is a process that includes a progressive decrease in disk nutrient supply and changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, which weakens the tissue strength and alters the cell metabolism.Degenerative lumb disc disease patients typically present with mechanical lower back pain, which is worse on forward flexion and when carrying heavy load. The pain is relieved with rest. Diagnosis of DDD is done by various methods, computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and provocative discography. These methods should be used in conjunction with the patient history, physical examination and specific biomarker to monitor the response to treatment. There are three major lines of management of DDD; Treatment Options for Relief of Pain in Conservative Therapy.Treatment with Aims of Restoration, Repair, and Regeneration of Intervertebral Disc Diseases: Molecular Therapy. Reconstructive Strategies: Percutaneous Intervertebral Disc Techniques. Definitive Treatment for Intervertebral Disc Diseases :( surgical management).

Lumbar Disc Procedures: Fluoroscopy

Discogenic lumbar pain is a frequent cause of prolonged disability. Currently, there are few effective minimally invasive therapeutic options to treat diseased discs and provide a long-term pain relief. Intradiscal biacuplasty improves functional capacity and affords pain relief in properly selected patients. Provocative discography is a relatively invasive intradiscal technique that has been used as a diagnostic tool to help to detect painful discs and associated morphological changes. One of the effective therapeutic approaches to control discogenic pain is to use an ablative radiofrequency intradiscal procedure, like biacuplasty. Intradiscal electrothermal therapy (IDET) is currently in limited use. Serious complications of intradiscal procedures are rather rare.