Studi Daya Dukung Fondasi Tiang Pada Tanah Lempung Teguh Berdasarkan Pembebanan Kepala Tiang Dan Pergerakan Ujung Tiang Metode T-Z

Developments in the calculation of foundation planning today have produced many methods and formulas for calculating the bearing capacity of foundations, such as the T-Z method, the Tezaghi method, the Mayerhof method, the Tomlison method, and other methods. So the purpose of this study was to determine the bearing capacity from tip movement of the foundation of each load with the T-Z method. The T-Z method explains rationally the mechanism of load transfer using a load transfer function commonly called TZ. In this method the pile foundation will be divided into several segments and the transfer function on each side segment which is a function of the shear strength of the soil and the surface properties of the side pile. From the analysis results of the TZPILE application, the bearing capacity is due to the settlement. At a settlement of 0,0001m; 0.001m; 0.0015m; 0.0025m; and 0.005m get a bearing capacity of 4.31kN; 31.69 kN; 35.6 kN; 43.44 kN; and 60.10kN. And on the reduction of permits on the foundation that occurs according to SNI 8460 - 2017 is 25mm, so the analysis obtained 12mm which still meets the requirements, 12mm get a bearing capacity of 1200kN at the tip of the pile. At a load of 600 kn the head of the pile can be held at a depth 4 meters. And for the maximum bearing capacity of the 18 meter pole, it can whitstand a bearing capacity of 1200 kn.

Random Forest-Based Ensemble Machine Learning Data-Optimization Approach for Smart Grid Impedance Prediction in the Powerline Narrowband Frequency Band

In this chapter, the random forest-based ensemble regression method is used for the prediction of powerline impedance at the powerline communication (PLC) narrowband frequency range. It is discovered that while PLC load transfer function, phase, and frequency are crucial to powerline impedance estimation, the problem of data multicollinearity can adversely impact accurate prediction and lead to excessive mean square error (MSE). High MSE is obtained when multiple transfer functions corresponding to different PLC load transfer functions are used for random forest ensemble regression. Low MSE indicating more accurate impedance prediction is obtained when PLC load transfer function data is selectively used. Using data corresponding to 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 W PLC load transfer functions together led to poor impedance prediction, while using lesser amount of carefully selected data led to better impedance prediction. These results show that artificial intelligence (AI) methods such as random forest ensemble regression and deterministic data-optimization approach can be utilized for smart grid (SG) health monitoring applications using PLC-based sensors. Machine learning can also be applied to the design of better powerline communication signal transceivers and equalizers.

Comparative Analysis of the Compression and Uplift Bearing Characteristics of PHC Pipe Pile on the Same Site

Introduction: The analysis of single pile behavior is an important foundation for the analysis of group pile foundation and other complex pile foundations. Methods: Based on the analysis of the load transfer of the compression pile and the uplift pile, the DoseResp model is used to fit the normalized load transfer function. Results: The results show that the load transfer function of the uplift pile and the compression pile has similar characteristics, the goodness of fit of the DoseResp model to the test data is greater than 0.99, which can better reflect the load transfer law of the pile. The fitting parameters in the DoseResp model mainly depend on the end resistance sharing ratio, A2 (Top asymptote)is independent of pile type and soil property parameters and is close to 1. The DoseResp model is applied to the PHC pipe pile, and the method to determine the parameters of the model fitting is proposed, which can accurately determine the side resistance distribution of PHC compression and uplift pipe pile along the pile body. Under the same load, the amount of uplift on the top of the uplift pile is significantly greater than the settlement on the top of the compression pile. Conclusion: The end resistance sharing ratio of the compression pile and the uplift pile is between 5.76 and 12.80. The ultimate bearing capacity of the compression pile is 3.61 ~ 3.81 times of that of the uplift pile under the same geometric parameters.

Analytical Model and Back-Analysis for Pile-Soil System Behavior under Axial Loading

The interaction mechanism between piles and soils is very complicated. The load transfer function is generally nonlinear and is affected by factors such as pile side roughness, soil characteristics, section depth, and displacement. Therefore, it is difficult to solve the pile-soil system based on load transfer function. This paper presents a new method to study the soil-pile interaction problem with respect to axial loads. First, the shapes of the axial force-displacement curves at different depths and the displacement distribution curves along pile axis at different pile-top displacements were analyzed. A simple exponential function was taken as relationship model to express the relationship curves between two distribution functions of axial force and displacement along pile shaft obtained by using the geometric drawing method. Second, a new analytical model of the pile-soil system was established based on the basic differential equations for pile-soil load transfer theory and the relationship model and was used to derive the mathematical expressions on the distribution functions of the axial force, the lateral friction, and the displacement along pile shaft and the load transfer function of pile-side. We wrote the MATLAB program for the analytical model to analyze the influence laws of the parameters u and m on the pile-soil system characteristics. Third, the back-analysis method and steps of the pile-soil system characteristics were proposed according to the analytical model. The back-analysis results were in good agreement with the experimental results for the examples. The analysis model provides an effective way for the accurate design of piles under axial loading.

Choice of commutation device and development of the scheme of a universal sectionalizing point with automatic load transfer function for the 0.38 kV electric network

The overestimated length of rural power lines of 0.38 kV leads to the fact that it is often not possible to fulfill both the sensitivity conditions of the protective device installed at the transformer substation and protecting the line from overloads and short circuits, and the requirements of the power supply reliability of consumers. This problem can be solved by installing in-line universal sectionalizing point equipped with an automatic load transfer function. The use of these devices allows dividing a line into sections provides the necessary sensitivity of protection for each section of the line and the possibility of supplying power to undamaged areas from a backup power source. In addition, only with the use of automated switching devices installed in power lines, it is possible to create intelligent electrical networks. When developing these devices, it is necessary to take into account the electromechanical characteristics of switching devices that are planned to be used for switching lines.