Documentário: imaginário colonial de Minas Gerais

The present communication proposal is the result of an empirical research developed during the recording of the documentary “Ouro de Minas: a look at Luso-African-Brazilian cultural hybridity”, which addresses the tourist path from Belo Horizonte to Tiradentes, as a mediation proposal between the colonial past and contemporary social constructions. Therefore, the present article will seek to construct its own theory, multidisciplinary, hybrid and, therefore, legitimate representative of Cultural Studies, to propose a concept of digital image that is credible in the face of the contemporary challenge of a fragmentary, liquid and, above all, cultural reality. guided by network flows.

Salix herbacea L. (Salicaceae) in the Maramures massif of the Ukrainian Carpathians

Salix herbacea is a relict plant species related to the circumpolar arctic-alpine element of the Holarctic group. The aim of the study was to clarify the data on the distribution of S. herbacea within the Maramures massif of the Ukrainian Carpathians, since this species is reported by different authors for the massif without specific geographical and habitats descriptions. Field studies were conducted in the Maramures massif on the slopes of Pip Ivan Marmarosky (1936 m a.s.l.) and Rapa (1872 m a.s.l.) mountains in 2017–2019. The S. herbacea distribution chorology was analyzed on the basis of the inventory of UU, KW, KWHA, LW, Herbarium of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve and Herbarium of the Biology and Ecology Department of the Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University collections. We have found S. herbacea confined to cliffs on a rocky tourist path between the peaks of Pip Ivan Marmarosky and Rapa mountains in Rakhiv district of Transcarpathian region (Zakarpattia oblast). Moreover, these rocky formations were colonized by tall grasses such as Calamagrostis villosa, Poa pratensis, and Festuca picturata. Also was found the occurrence of Holarctic and Alpine-Carpathian species Vaccinium uliginosum, Potentilla aurea, Pulsatilla alba, Thamnolia vermicularis, and Cetraria islandica. The occurrence of these species was caused by decreasing livestock grazing intensity during the past years in this area. The exact location and phytocoenological conditions of the site, which is endangered and requires additional conservation measures, were outlined. The necessity of these measures to preserve the habitat of S. herbacea on the Maramures massif was stressed out.

Zmienność runa leśnego w grądzie wysokim rezerwatu Las Bielański pod wpływem ruchu turystycznego

Las Bielański covers 150 hectares, it is a unique remnant of the ancient Mazowiecka Forest. At present 130 hectares out of 150 hectares are a nature reserve, where the influence of humans is limited only to tourist paths. The aim of this research was to estimate a possible impact of use the path by humans on the development of nearby plants. Namely, whether the presence of the path induces any changes, and if so, what sort and scope of the changes is seen. A 125 m long section of a tourist path, located in an oak-hornbeam association was chosen. Three sampling lines parallel to the path were traced: line A – 15-30 cm distant from the path’s edge, line B – 5 m away, and line C – about 10 m away from the path’s edge (Fig. 1). Plants were collected using sample squares of 0.1 m2 in area, distributed evenly along each line (25 samples per line, i.e., 75 samples altogether). The data collected in the field were analyzed statistically. Most of the species exhibit a clumped distribution of the number of sprouts (Tab. 1). This phenomenon is seen in each line. In order to demonstrate the differences in the abundance of sprouts, as well as differences in plant cover between the samples taken along the three lines, nonparametric statistics were applied – the Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA. The results of those analyses show for restricted plant cover in the line closest to the path: the percentage of the coverage and the number of sprouts per sample in line A are lower than those estimated for lines B and C (Fig. 3). The species occurring most frequently are those typical of the oak-hornbeam association. The estimate of frequency is the lowest for all the species directly in the closest vicinity of the path (Fig. 2). Seasonal variability is evident, too. No presence of animals was noticed within the distance of 5 m from the path’s edge. The majority of animal traces occurred around line C, about 10 m distance from the path. Particular attention was paid to the distribution of hornbeams (Carpinus betulus) – the species in the oak-hornbeam association. No significant differences were found between the three lines as far as the number of hornbeam sprouts and frequency is concerned (Fig. 4 and 5). The number of sprouts of this species is the highest in spring, and it decreases gradually, due to heavy mortality of seedlings and juvenile specimens, with the progressive light shortage. It means the tourist traffic is not the only factor affecting plant abundance.

Impacts of tourism on geomorphological processes in the Bucegi Mountains in Romania

The Bucegi Mountains are situated in the Curvature Carpathians close to the metropolitan area of Bucharest. Tourism has been promoted on the Bucegi Plateau since the 1930s with the establishment then of several hotels and chalets. During the communist period after World War II, the area targeted mass tourism with the creation of a large network of hiking paths. Increased heating needs led to the almost complete removal of dwarf pine cover. The current situation is characterised by intense vegetation and soil degradation and by active gullying along the hiking trails and around the main tourist infrastructures. This study proposes a strategy for sustainable tourism development on the plateau based on an analysis of both local tourist infrastructure development during the 20th century and impacts of tourism on vegetation and soil erosion during the last decade. It is argued that erosion can be counterbalanced by redesigning the tourist path network, rehabilitating the degraded slopes and raising the awareness of tourists concerning geomorphological processes.

Tourism and Short-term Behavioural Responses of Nesting Masked, Red-footed, and Blue-footed, Boobies in the Galápagos

Increasingly, seabirds nesting on islands are exposed to tourists who view, photograph, and study, them for variable periods of time. The escalating frequency of human-seabird contacts on heretofore undisturbed nesting islands raises questions and concerns about the effects of human disturbance, and of the continued preservation of nesting colonies of marine birds. We examined short-term changes in behaviour of Masked (Sula dactylagra), Redfooted (S. sula), and Blue-footed (S. nebouxii), boobies when tourists walked by, and examined display station and nest placement as a function of distance from a regularlytraversed tourist path on Tower (Genovesa), Hood (Espanola), and North Seymour, Islands, Galápagos.Whether displaying boobies walked, flew, or remained on their station, when tourists passed, was related to their distance from the trail. Boobies displaying at stations on or up to 2 m from the trail, walked or flew from their station 62 to 95% of the time, depending on the species. All species of boobies performed more head and body turns, and gave-out more calls, after tourists passed than before, while the rate of preening did not differ. All three species of boobies avoided nesting right along the trail, despite similarities of habitat.These data suggest that boobies respond to tourists in subtle ways often related to their species, and that further studies should delineate impacts operating over longer periods—including reproductive success variation as a function of disturbance.