Analysis of factors influencing the formation of neurotic disorders in sudents of higher education institutions

The article analyzes the factors influencing the formation of non-psychotic mental disorders (NPD) in students of higher education institutions.The purpose of the study is to analyze the factors influencing the formation of non psychotic mental disorders in students of higher education.Material and methods. We analyzed the results of a survey of 1235 students. Methods applied: clinical, clinical, psychopathological, clinical, epidemiological, clinical and medical history, experimental psychological and statistical methods. Results. It has been found that living alone much increases the risk of NPD, namely 2.21 times. Notably, more married students have an NPD of 15.46% versus 3.53% of healthy students (p <0.05). Significantly more students with NPD rated family relationships as "calm, cold" 19.87% versus 4.14% of healthy students (p<0.05). So we can say that cold relationships in the family are factors in the formation of NPD. Significantly more students with NPD recognized interpersonal conflicts in the team as an urgent problem - 96 (30.28%), while only 165 (17.97%) healthy students noted this problem (p <0.05).Conclusions. The identified patterns must be taken into account when building programs for early diagnosis of NPD, as well as when planning individually targeted psychotherapeutic care.

A Thematic Analysis of Detransitioners’ Experience and Development

The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the experience of detransitioners. Detransitioners are individuals who have identified as transgender, surgically and/or medically transitioned and then have detransitioned, reconciling with their biological sex. For this study 5 interviews were conducted over zoom. The participants were 5 females, aged 20 and 21. There are four main themes that emerged around the desire to transition; mental health, fear around puberty and the growing realization of sexuality and how their female body relates to the world, and peer groups. There were two distinct themes around the decision to detransition which are mental health and a change in environment. The last theme that emerged was around their concept of gender identity. Based on the interviews, identifying as transgender for these young women was masking deeper underlying issues, such as body image, sexuality, poor mental health, highlighting the need for robust psychotherapeutic care.

How Does It Feel to Be Online? Psychotherapists’ Self-Perceptions in Telepsychotherapy Sessions During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy

Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic and consequent extreme restrictions imposed by governments across the world forced psychotherapists to abruptly change their working modality. The first aim of the current study was to assess psychotherapists’ self-perceptions (i.e., affective and cognitive perceptions about their self and their self in relation to clients) when providing telepsychotherapy during the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. The second aim was to explore the associations between psychotherapists’ self-perceptions, characteristics, and clinical practices.Method: An online survey was administered to 281 Italian licensed psychotherapists (Mage=45.15; SD=10.2; 83.6% female) between April 5 and May 10, 2020. The survey comprised ad-hoc questions that were designed to collect sociodemographic details and information related to working practices. Moreover, a semantic differential (SD) scale was developed to assess psychotherapists’ self-perceptions, and a factor analysis was performed from the SD items.Results: The SD scale showed an overall trend of positive psychotherapist self-perception during telepsychotherapy, despite reports of greater fatigue and directive and talkative behavior during sessions. Four SD factors accounted for 45% of the variance: “Affective Availability,” “Attitude Predisposition,” “Well-being,” and “Interventionism.” Scores on the first three factors were indicative of psychotherapists’ Positive vs. Negative self-perception. A comparison of the Positive and Negative attitudinal profiles using the chi-squared test with Yates’s correction and a Monte Carlo simulation found that psychotherapists with a Positive profile reported greater satisfaction with the telematic modality and were more likely to perceive that their clients were able to maintain privacy during sessions.Conclusion: The results suggest that Italian psychotherapists have been able to promptly adapt to the imposed telematic modality during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, they may have attempted to compensate for their physical distance from clients by intervening more during sessions. These findings may support psychotherapists who are currently practicing and inform future practitioners who are considering the use of telematic treatment as a routine component of psychotherapeutic care.

Teletherapie und Telemedizin in Deutschland

Zusammenfassung Die durch die WHO vorgenommene Einstufung des Coronavirus als Pandemie hat Kliniker herausgefordert, die Kontinuität der medizinischen Versorgung aufrechtzuerhalten. Die Teletherapie wurde so innerhalb kürzester Zeit zum wichtigsten Mittel der Leistungserbringer, die diese zuvor nie oder nur sparsam genutzt hatten. Im Bereich der ärztlichen sowie der psychotherapeutischen Versorgung wurde parallel zum ersten Lockdown seit dem 01. April 2020 die zunächst bestehende Begrenzung der telemedizinischen Behandlung von 20 % der gesamten Behandlungen einer Praxis aufgehoben. Auch im Bereich der Heilmittelerbringer wurde phasenweise eine Erlaubnis zur Durchführung von Videotherapien erteilt. Die Studienlage zu diesem Thema weist darauf hin, dass die Wirksamkeit der logopädischen Teletherapie durchaus gegeben ist, wie am Beispiel der Sprachtherapie bei neurologisch bedingten Sprachstörungen im deutschsprachigen Raum im Artikel dargestellt wird, auch wenn weiterhin Studien in diesem Bereich erforderlich sind. Die Teletherapie sollte im Heilmittelbereich ebenso dauerhaft ermöglicht werden wie die teletherapeutische Versorgung durch Psychologen oder die elemedizinische Versorgung durch Ärzte. Auf diese Weise könnte eine Quattro-win-Situation für Leistungsträger, -finanzierer, -erbringer sowie für die Leistungsempfänger entstehen. Schlüsselwörter: Telemedizin, Teletherapie, Online-Sprachtherapie, Covid-19-Pandemie Abstract The WHO's classification of the coronavirus as a pandemic challenged clinicians to maintain continuity of care. Thus, in a very short time, teletherapy became the most important tool for healthcare providers who had never used it before, or had used it only sparingly. Parallel to the first lockdown, beginning on April 01, 2020, the existing limit on telemedicine treatment in medical and psychotherapeutic care – 20% of the total number of treatments at a practice – was lifted. Also, in the area of remedy providers, permission was given in phases for the execution of video therapies. The studies on this topic indicate that logopedic teletherapy is clearly effective, as shown in the example of speech therapy for neurologically-related speech disorders in German-speaking countries in the article, even if further studies are needed. Teletherapy should be made permanently possible in the field of remedies, just as teletherapy care by psychologists, or telemedicine treatment by physicians, are possible. This would create a “quattro-win” situation for service providers, financiers, providers and recipients. Keywords: telemedicine, teletherapy, online speech therapy, covid-19 pandemic

Psychotherapeutic care in the system of comprehensive rehabilitation of persons with limb amputation

Purpose. Study of the influence of psychotherapeutic assistance on the rehabilitation of persons who have undergone limb amputation.Materials and methods. A study of the psychological characteristics of 48 patients who underwent amputation of the lower extremity was carried out on the basis of the departments of vascular surgery and traumatology of the Samara Seredavin Regional Clinical Hospital. The control group included 25 people (16 men, 9 women), aged 45 to 70 years. Amputations of the extremities were performed by him in connection with the developed gangrene due to obliterating vascular diseases. The main group consisted of 23 people (14 men, 9 women) aged 35 to 60 years with a stable and prosperous social status, who received an acute sudden injury that ended in amputation of one or both lower extremities. The examination was carried out on the 3-5th day of the postoperative period, depending on the patient's condition. For the study, the following psychodiagnostic methods and techniques were used: 1) clinical conversation; 2) coping test by R. Lazarus, S. Folkman; 3) methodology for diagnosing the type of attitude to the disease; 4) Hamilton Depression Scale; 5) S. Rosenzweig's test of drawing frustration.Results. The difference between the group of patients and the control group was statistically confirmed in terms of “seeking social support” (higher in the control group), “confrontation” and “flight – avoidance” (higher in the group of patients) (p < 0.05). In the control group, depression is absent in 85% of the subjects, in 15% of patients there is a mild depressive state (p < 0.05). According to S. Rosenzweig's method, the predominance of extrapunitive reactions was revealed in both groups (E = 59.6 in the main group of patients and 44.1 in the control group) due to reactions of the ego-protective type (ED = 56.2 in the main group of patients and 46.3 – in the control group).Conclusion. Patients who underwent surgery for limb amputation and who took a conscious and active part in individual and group psychotherapy by the time of discharge from the hospital showed a decrease in anxiety and depressive manifestations, a decrease in the manifestations of outward aggression, the construction of optimistic prospects) than in patients who categorically refuse to receive psychological help and support. The provision of psychotherapeutic assistance to persons after amputation of limbs should begin in the first days after the operation.

Phenomenological-Hermeneutic Resources for an Ethics of Psychotherapeutic Care

This chapter introduces and discusses four concepts that seem to be relevant to develop a phenomenologically- and hermeneutically-based ethics for psychotherapeutic care: “dialogue,” “attunement,” “recognition,” and “intimacy.” Dialogue is the essential happening of language, not a mere exchange of information; in it subjectivity is displaced and something new about the interlocutors is revealed. Attunement is a modulation of the emotional field in-between myself and the other. Attunement is also the capacity to coordinate my tempo with that of the other. Attunement—inter-emotionality—inter-temporality are grounded in corporeality as a form of intercorporeality. Recognition is the epistemic and ethic capacity to acknowledge the alterity in myself and of the other person. Self-recognition is the acknowledgment of the pre-individual elements not yet appropriated by myself; other-recognition is the acknowledgment of the other person as a fellow man to whom I attribute value, life, and consciousness. Intimacy is an atmospheric experience of aloneness-togetherness, self- and other-recognition: enveloped in an atmosphere of intimacy I get in touch with myself via getting in touch with each other.