The Interaction of Homozygote 192-bp I nsulin-like growth factor-1 ( IGF-1) Polymorphisms and C igarette Smoking to End -stage renal disease ( ESRD)

Objective: Smoking and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are the leading public health problems in Indonesia. Smoking is a known risk factor for the development and progression of ESRD. Specific genetic polymorphisms may modify the harmful effects of cigarette smoking and may also change the inherited risk. IGF-1 CA repeat polymorphism is thought to be associated with an increased incidence of chronic kidney disease in smokers. We investigated the impact of smoking interactions with IGF-1 CA repeat polymorphism with the rate of chronic kidney disease in Yogyakarta Special Region Indonesia. (YSRI) Result: Our study found that smoking and IGF-1 genotype 192 bp are risk factors for ESRD in Indonesia. The combination of genotype 192 bp and smoking is associated with increased ESRD events. Respondents with smoking habits and 192 bp homozygous genotype are at high risk of ESRD. Smoking habit and homozygous 192 bp genotype are strongly interaction.. There was a mild interaction between respondents with smoking habits and heterozygous 192 bp and 188 bp. There was no interaction between non-smokers with heterozygous 192 bp and 188 bp of the IGF-1 gene.

The relationship between CA repeat polymorphism of the IGF-1 gene and the structure of motor skills in young athletes

The map of candidate genes that can potentially affect physical fitness becomes larger every year, and that are associated with such aspects as respiratory and cardiovascular stability; body build and composition – especially muscle mass and strength; carbohydrate and lipid metabolism; response to training; and exercise intolerance. The aim of this study was the analysis of the determination by CA repeat polymorphism of the P1 promoter of the IGF1 gene the structure of motor skills in the two groups of polish young athletes in 2011-2013. In this study, 350 young sportsmen representing different sports disciplines were examined (age = 15.5 ± 0.5 years), by genotyping the IGF1 gene and determining the structure of motor skills using the International Physical Fitness Test (IPFT) battery. Analysis of the multiple stepwise regression, used to determine the impact of the investigated motor skills on the indicator of the overall physical fitness, measured by the total score of the International Physical Fitness Test (IPFT), shows some regularity related to the character of the IGF1 gene polymorphism. It can be concluded that in the case of two groups of young boys athletes practicing various sports disciplines (kinds of physical exercise) have similar associations between CA repeat polymorphism of the P1 promoter of the IGF1 gene and the level of motor effects. Our results suggest that this polymorphism may be a genetic marker of the physical performance phenotype. We demonstrated that CA repeat polymorphism of the P1 promoter of the IGF1 gene in the groups who were homozygous and noncarriers was associated with strength predispositions. In the group who were heterozygous speed-strength aptitudes

Identification of a Predictive Biomarker for the Beneficial Effect of Keishibukuryogan, a Kampo (Japanese Traditional) Medicine, on Patients with Climacteric Syndrome

Keishibukuryogan(KBG;Guizhi-Fuling-Wanin Chinese) is one of the Kampo (Japanese traditional) medicines used to treat patients with climacteric syndrome. KBG can be used by patients who cannot undergo hormone replacement therapy due to a history of breast cancer. We evaluated whether cytosine-adenine (CA) repeat polymorphism of the estrogen receptorβgene can be a predictor of the beneficial effect of KBG on climacteric syndrome. We also investigated the relationship between CA repeat polymorphism, the patients’ profiles, and the therapeutic effect. We found that CA was an SS, SL, or LL genotype according to the number of repeats. We studied 39 consecutive patients with climacteric disorders who took KBG for 12 weeks. The diagnosis of climacteric disorders was made on the basis of the Kupperman index. KBG significantly improved the patients’ climacteric symptoms (i.e., vasomotor symptoms in the patients with the LL genotype and melancholia in the patients with the SL genotype). No relationship between the patients’ profiles and CA repeat polymorphism was recognized. CA repeat polymorphism could thus be a potential biomarker to predict the efficacy of KBG in climacteric syndrome, and its use will help to reduce the cost of treating this syndrome by focusing the administration of KBG on those most likely to benefit from it.