Carta: Reflexiones sobre posibles razones de una minorización profesional excesiva y propuestas para su reversión

Some professions have lower social weight than others, with strength and power below their demographic representation or the use of their services by the population. These can be referred to as minority professions. Archivists, librarians, documentalists, and (perhaps) museologists represent one such example. Some causes of minoritization are general to the profession (e.g., civil servants, auxiliary positions, or work mostly carried out by women). This article does not deal with these, but rather the circumstances in Spain that exacerbate this effect. Two indicators of minority professions are: (1) the absence of the profession from forums where problems and solutions in the world of information are debated, and (2) a low degree of attractiveness of such studies to young people. This article attempts to define the value that a profession contributes to society and analyzes the three elements of such minorization that have been considered particularly Spanish: the secondaryization of studies, the depolitization of professional associations, and the fragmentation of the collective. For each of these, approaches to facilitate the reversal of this professional decline are presented. The work ends with a final reflection on the negative impacts of not reversing this effect. Resumen Algunas profesiones tienen un peso social menor que otras. Su fuerza y poder están por debajo de su peso demográfico o del uso de sus servicios por parte de la población. Nos podemos referir a estas profesiones como profesiones minorizadas. La formada por archiveros, bibliotecas, documentalistas y (quizá) museólogos lo es. Algunas causas de la minorización son generales a la profesión (trabajo funcionarial, auxiliar y mayoritariamente femenino). El artículo no trata éstas, sino las circunstancias que se dan en España que agudizan esta minorización profesional. Dos indicadores de la minorización son: 1) ausencia de la profesión en los foros donde se debaten problemas y soluciones del mundo de la información, y 2) bajo grado de atracción de los estudios entre los jóvenes. En este artículo se intenta definir en qué consiste el valor que aporta la profesión a la sociedad y se analizan los que se han considerado los tres elementos propiamente españoles de minorización, a saber: la secundarización de los estudios, la apolitización de las asociaciones profesionales, y la fragmentación del colectivo. Para cada uno de ellos se dan vías que facilitarían la reversión de esta disminución profesional. Se termina con una reflexión final sobre los impactos negativos de no revertirla.

The weight of the voice: gender, privilege, and qualic apperception

For transmasculine individuals who undergo testosterone therapy, a lower pitch is often one of the most desired results, both for personal affirmation as well as for how a low pitch is gendered by others. This paper explores how members from a peer support group for transmasculine individuals articulate their experiences taking testosterone. During interviews participants discussed their apperception of the acoustic changes in their voices (Zimman 2012, 2018) as well as the recognition of this change by others. In this paper, I explore how their apperceptions of their voices are organized around a cluster of related qualia of the voice (Harkness 2014, 2017) such as “heaviness”, “deepness”, “resonance”, and social “weightiness”. As their voices lower in pitch over time and they are more frequently gendered as men in social spaces, they navigate shifting positionalities of privilege, and I show how their descriptions of their voices naturalize various qualia of the voice, linking “deepness” to the social “weight”, or power, of a voice.

Responsibility, ethics and regulation: An impact assessment of Financial Fair Play Regulations in Spanish professional football.

<p>Since the end of the 20th century football has become an ever-expanding business, especially in European economies. It has created internal pressures in the systemization of processes, regulatory control, professionalization of tasks and organizational modernization in general. In addition, the increasing social weight of football has led to calls for more ethical and responsible business practice, more consistent with the contemporary social values currently gaining ground in other sectors. From this perspective, we assess the reactions of the Spanish professional football sector to the compulsory application of responsible corporate management criteria (Economic Control Regulation). We carried out a study of the coming into effect of such regulation in professional clubs financial performance in two seasons, 2010-11 and 2014-15 (before and after, respectively, the imposition of the ECR). Our findings show a marked improvement in financial indicators. The central discussion of this paper focuses on ways that responsible management improves company profitability. </p>

Responsibility, ethics and regulation: An impact assessment of Financial Fair Play Regulations in Spanish professional football.

<p>Since the end of the 20th century football has become an ever-expanding business, especially in European economies. It has created internal pressures in the systemization of processes, regulatory control, professionalization of tasks and organizational modernization in general. In addition, the increasing social weight of football has led to calls for more ethical and responsible business practice, more consistent with the contemporary social values currently gaining ground in other sectors. From this perspective, we assess the reactions of the Spanish professional football sector to the compulsory application of responsible corporate management criteria (Economic Control Regulation). We carried out a study of the coming into effect of such regulation in professional clubs financial performance in two seasons, 2010-11 and 2014-15 (before and after, respectively, the imposition of the ECR). Our findings show a marked improvement in financial indicators. The central discussion of this paper focuses on ways that responsible management improves company profitability. </p>

HOUSING COST OVERBURDEN RATE OF HOUSEHOLD AND THEIR TYPES IN POLAND: 2007–2018

The purpose of the article is to outline and evaluate trends, directions and scale of changes, as well as to diversify of the level of overburden rate in the total housing costs of households, including selected types and characteristics of this households in Poland in the period 2007–2018 based on Eurostat data. The analysis was carried out without going into frequent socio-economic conditions that change frequently, including the most influential on this rate: housing and financial-redistributive policy in Poland. The multitude of other socio-economic factors, including international factors directly and indirectly affecting the overburden rate in Poland, has also been omitted. Connected with this assumption is to focus on global cognitive content and the reliability of Eurostat data. The analysis showed no one-way relationships in the period 2007–2018 in Poland in the household overburden rate. On the other hand, there were periods of several years of differently increased growth or change, as well as intervals of varying levels of this rate. The desirable trend of declining interest rates has occurred in Poland since 2010–2014 to a varying extent in the set of analyzed households. The unreasonable system of satisfying housing needs, generated by the paradigm of market economic growth, as well as the actual and potential deficiencies of Eurostat data meant that the hypothesis was put forward that this rate does not always correctly inform about the actual level and social weight of this overburden.

Examining Peer Presure on Children

Friend weight (or social weight) is the immediate impact on individuals by companions, or the impact on a person who gets urged to pursue their friends by changing their mentalities, qualities or practices to adjust to those of the affecting gathering or person. This can bring about either a positive or negative impact. Social gatherings influenced incorporate both participation gatherings, in which people are "officially" individuals, (for example, ideological groups and worker's guilds), and inner circles, in which enrollment isn't plainly characterized. In any case, an individual shouldn't be a part or be looking for participation of a gathering to be influenced by companion weight

COULD OBESITY BE CONTAGIOUS? SOCIAL INFLUENCE, FOOD CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR, AND BODY WEIGHT OUTCOMES

This paper contributes to explaining the obesity epidemic and finding a potential remedy. We build a theoretical model of food consumption decisions that accounts for social influence. In our model, individuals’ rationality is affected by an endogenous social weight norm, which influences their calorie consciousness and perceived survival chances. Individuals are conformist, and the degree of conformism describes the extent to which individuals’ discounted utility is influenced by the social weight norm. With an endogenous social weight norm reflecting a heavier and heavier average body weight, we show that a high degree of conformism to the social norm could explain the obesity epidemic. In this environment, a government intervention decreasing energy density is ineffective at reducing steady-state body weight. This result could explain why this type of government dietary intervention seems to have had no effect on obesity, and suggests that the same type of intervention through the Food Stamps Program would be ineffective on its own. We also find that in the steady state, individuals can be overweight or underweight depending on their degree of conformism relative to the education they receive about the healthy weight. While education programs focusing on either diet or exercise have had moderate success, we show that focusing on healthy weight education could combat social influence and reduce obesity.

Status, Votive Luxury, and Labour: The Female Rapper’s Delight

Rap and luxury fashion form hip hop’s most unshakable couple. However, female rappers appear to have a more difficult time acquiring and manipulating luxury fashion. When the female rapper demands expensive clothing from her sex partners, is she complicit in her reification as a sexually alienated subject or is she highlighting the value of black women’s labour? In fact, if we look closely at the nexus of luxury fashion, sexuality, and female rappers, there occurs an important transformation of the luxury sign. For rappers like Roxanne Shanté, Nicki Minaj, and Cardi B, luxury objects and branded fashion are not symbols of taste or habitus, in the sense Bourdieu (1979) gives them. Instead, these female rappers question the social weight carried by the luxury commodity; they demand consecration, in the truest sense of the word, through the luxury gift; or, conversely, they highlight the luxury commodity’s real use value.