Results of WICOVIR Gargle Pool PCR Testing in German Schools Based on the First 100,000 Tests

Background: Opening schools and keeping children safe from SARS-CoV-2 infections at the same time is urgently needed to protect children from direct and indirect consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve this goal, a safe, efficient, and cost-effective SARS-CoV-2 testing system for schools in addition to standard hygiene measures is necessary.Methods: We implemented the screening WICOVIR concept for schools in the southeast of Germany, which is based on gargling at home, pooling of samples in schools, and assessment of SARS-CoV-2 by pool rRT-PCR, performed decentralized in numerous participating laboratories. Depooling was performed if pools were positive, and results were transmitted with software specifically developed for the project within a day. Here, we report the results after the first 13 weeks in the project.Findings: We developed and implemented the proof-of-concept test system within a pilot phase of 7 weeks based on almost 17,000 participants. After 6 weeks in the main phase of the project, we performed >100,000 tests in total, analyzed in 7,896 pools, identifying 19 cases in >100 participating schools. On average, positive children showed an individual CT value of 31 when identified in the pools. Up to 30 samples were pooled (mean 13) in general, based on school classes and attached school staff. All three participating laboratories detected positive samples reliably with their previously established rRT-PCR standard protocols. When self-administered antigen tests were performed concomitantly in positive cases, only one of these eight tests was positive, and when antigen tests performed after positive pool rRT-PCR results were already known were included, 3 out of 11 truly positive tests were also identified by antigen testing. After 3 weeks of repetitive WICOVIR testing twice weekly, the detection rate of positive children in that cohort decreased significantly from 0.042 to 0.012 (p = 0.008).Interpretation: Repeated gargle pool rRT-PCR testing can be implemented quickly in schools. It is an effective, valid, and well-received test system for schools, superior to antigen tests in sensitivity, acceptance, and costs.

Penerapan Statistical Process Control (SPC) dan Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) pada Proses Produksi Tisu Wajah

The purpose of this study is to identify the type of defects that occur, identify the causative factors of disability using SPC and FMEA methods to improve the competitiveness of network companies in PT. Xyz. From the results of the control map there is 1 point above the UCL limit that occurred in the 6th month. Furthermore, analysis with pareto diagram, which is known to be the most dominant defect there are 3 or 30% piece is not up to standard, 27% folds are not aligned, 23% sealing results are not perfect. From the highest percentage of analysis with fish bone diagrams, there are several factors that cause differences, namely human factors are less thorough, machines lack maintenance, methods are not up to standard, hygiene environment is poorly maintained and raw materials are not good. Furthermore, the analysis using FMEA to determine the priority scale obtained that the priority scale based on the RPN table including the sealing result was difficult to open with a total of RPN 338.8, the folds were not aligned with the total RPN of 212 and the pieces were not symmetrical with a total of RPN 106.5. Based on rpn table, proposed repair using 5W+1H obtained by proposed daily briefaing, scheduled machine checking, checking before materials are used, ensuring the settings on the machine according to standards.

An exploratory pilot study of the effect of modified hygiene kits on handwashing with soap among internally displaced persons in Ethiopia.

Background Internally displaced persons (IDPs) forced to flee from their homes due to conflict and drought are at particular risk of morbidity and mortality due to diarrhoeal diseases. Regular handwashing with soap could substantially reduce the risk of these infections, but the behaviour is challenging to practice while living in resource-poor, informal settlements. To mitigate these challenges, humanitarian aid organisations distribute hygiene kits including soap and handwashing infrastructure. Our study aimed to assess the effect of modified hygiene kits on handwashing behaviours among IDPs in Moyale, Ethiopia. Methods The pilot study evaluated three interventions separately; liquid soap, a ‘good quality’ scented bar soap and a mirror as modifications to a standard hygiene kit. The hygiene kit was distributed to four study arms, with three of the arms receiving one of the interventions in addition. Three to six weeks after distribution, behaviour change and perceptions of the interventions was assessed through structured observations, surveys and focus group discussions. Results At follow-up, handwashing with soap was rare at key times in all study arms. In the arm that received liquid soap, handwashing with soap was seen at 20% of key times but this was not indicated significantly different to the control arm were a prevalence of 17% (p-value=0.348). In the two other intervention arms prevalence was <11%. Participants in FGDs indicated that the liquid soap, scented bar soap and the mirror made handwashing more desirable. In contrast the standard bar soap distributed in hygiene kits was not viewed as being nice to use. Conclusion This study did not identify any effect of the modified kits on handwashing behaviour. However, it did indicate that there is value in better understanding hygiene product preferences as this may contribute to increased acceptability and use among crisis-affected populations. The challenges of doing research in conflict-affected regions had considerable implications on the design and implementation of this study.Trial registration The trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov 6 September 2019 (reg no: NCT04078633)

Hand hygiene and standard hygiene precautions in healthcare settings Monastir Tunisia 2019

To ensure adherence to standard hygiene precautions in healthcare settings, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that compliance with these precautions be assessed in any care setting through periodic audits to improve the quality and safety of care procedures This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted in the University Hospital of Monastir during the month of July 2019.It was a self-administered questionnaire that explored the knowledge and attitudes in terms of standard precautions in hospital hygiene and administred to the various occupational categories involved in each department. The data was entered and analyzed by the SPSS 20 software. A total of 440 health professionals responded to the questionnaire with a Sex-ratio of 0.55.The median age was 30 years with an IQR [26,36]. The median length of professional service was 5 years IQR[2,9]. In terms of training on standard precautions, 69.3% were trained, of which 64.5% had training of less than 5 years. More than half, 54.6% of professionals knew where to find a procedure or sign “what to do if exposed to blood”. Concerning the attitudes of professionals, the majority applied the standard precautions of the various topics and more specifically hand hygiene. Our results showed acceptable adherence to standard precautions (glove hygiene, etc.) except for accidents during blood exposure which encourage us to follow an action plan with corrective actions. Key messages Acceptable adherence to standard precautions. Accident at exposure to blood need to be controlled.

WADAH AKTIVITAS MASYARAKAT DI RAWA BELONG

Third place is a place to communicate, activity, find a beautiful atmosphere, calm, and refresh the mind. The area in Jakarta needs a third place because Jakarta itself has an issue that is quite disturbing the people of Jakarta, one of which is a congestion issue. The author takes the area of Rawa belong because in Rawa Belong is a dense area so the area is in a program that approaches Third place. Rawa Belong is a dense area of various sectors, namely the economic sector, education, and Industry. The area is crowded with heterogeneous youths and local residents. With the frequent activities is communicating and socializing. So automatically, Rawa Belong is packed by group work activities and hang out activities. However, Rawa Belong has a facility that is not yet comfortable enough to used. There are facilities that the standard hygiene is lacking. There are also lack of usable space, because there has an easy solid facility. Rawa Belong have the famous Rawa belong flower market even to be known internationally then the author took the theme of flower market as the main program for the theme Third place. One of the issues that is common that is detrimental to the community is air pollution. The area is so dense area, so automatically the region is quite polluting. To decrease the issue the author making the design of the building that environmentally friendly and faces the issue. The idea of the concept is Biophilic Design with floral objects. With the idea of the concept positively impacts human psychologically. Because of psychological in Rawa Belong. It will certainly have negative psychology. AbstrakThird place merupakan tempat untuk berkomunikasi, beraktifitas, mencari suasana yang asri, tenang, dan menyegarkan pikiran. Secara luasnya di Jakarta membutuhkan third place karena Jakarta sendiri memiliki isu yang cukup meresahkan masyarakat Jakarta, salah satunya yaitu isu kemacetan. Penulis mengambil Kawasan Rawa belong karena di Rawa Belong merupakan kawasan yang padat sehingga daerah tersebut dipadati program yang mendekati Third place. Rawa Belong merupakan Kawasan yang padat akan berbagai sektor, yaitu sektor ekonomi, Pendidikan, dan indsutri. Kawasan tersebut dipadati oleh pemuda-pemuda yang bersifat heterogen dan penduduk lokal. Dengan adanya aktivitas yang sering dilakukan adalah berkomunikasi serta bersosialisasi. Maka otomatis, Rawa Belong dipadati oleh aktivitas kerja kelompok dan bernongkrong. Namun, Rawa Belong terdapat fasilitas yang belum cukup nyaman untuk digunakan. Sehingga terdapat fasilitas yang standar kebersihannya kurang. Adapula kekurangan ruang yang bisa dipakai, berhubung fasilitas disana mudah padat. Rawa Belong tersebut terdapat pasar bunga Rawa belong yang terkenal bahkan sampai dikenal internasional maka penulis mengambil tema pasar bunga sebagai program utama untuk tema Third place. Salah satu isu yang sudah umum yang merugikan masyarakat yaitu polusi udara. Kawasan tersebut merupakan Kawasan padat, maka otomatis Kawasan tersebut cukup berpolusi. Untuk menanggulangi isu tersebut penulis membuat desain bangunan yang ramah lingkungan dan menghadapi isu tersebut. Ide konsep tersebut adalah Biophilic Design dengan objek bunga. Dengan adanya ide konsep tersebut memberi dampak positif terhadap psikologis manusia. Berhubung psikologis di Rawa Belong. Sudah pasti akan memiliki psikologi yang negatif.

Prophylaxis of рurulent-septic diseases of postpartum period for high-risk puerperas

Background. Postpartum purulent-septic diseases are one of the topical issues of modern obstetrics due to high prevalence and absence of downward trend toward reduction in the disease incidence.Objective: improve the management of high risk puerperas to prevent the development of purulent-septic complications in the postpartum period.Materials and methods. The cohort prospective comparative study included 78 puerperas, who experienced spontaneous labour complicated by injuries to birth canals. The patients were divided into two groups according to the risk of developing purulentseptic complications and the management of patients. Group 1, control group, (n = 20) included the puerperas, who did not show any signs of inflammatory diseases of the genital tract during pregnancy. Group 2 included patients, who were diagnosed with various forms of vaginal dysbiosis based on the results of bacterioscopic and bacteriological examination of the genital tract. The group was further divided into two subgroups depending on the type of treatment. Subgroup 1 of Group 2 (n = 28) only received standard hygiene care, and subgroup 2 (n = 30) received standard hygiene procedures combined with vaginal irrigation using benzidamine hydrochloride solution (Tantum Rosa) for 3 days in the obstetric hospital.Results. The study resulted in improving postpartum care of high-risk puerperas to prevent purulent-septic complications. Discussion The test results showed that the use of benzidamine hydrochloride (Tantum Rosa) in the postpartum period prevents the purulent-septic complications of puerperium, such as inflammation and disruption of perineal muscle sutures and endometritis, as well as relieves pain and discomfort, and improves the puerperas’ quality of life.Conclusion: Based on the study results, we recommend the use of this drug in the early postpartum period to prevent purulentseptic complications in the high-risk groups.

PELAKSANAAN TANGGUNG JAWAB PELAKU USAHA TERHADAP KONSUMEN DALAM STANDAR PENYAJIAN F&B (FOOD AND BEVERAGE) PADA RESTORAN BALI VILLA SEMINYAK

Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999, Perlindungan Konsumen merupakan segala upaya menjamin adanya kepastian hukum untuk memberi perlindungan kepada konsumen. Kasus yang terjadi konsumen dirugikan oleh pelaku usaha akibat cacat pada makanan, hal ini tentu pelaku usaha tidak memenuhi standar higenis sanitasi penyajian food and beverage yang mengakibatkan konsumen mengalami kerugian seperti gangguan pada pencernaan. Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah bentuk tanggung jawab pelaku usaha terhadap konsumen dalam hal tidak terlaksananya standard hygiene sanitasi penyajian F&B (Food and Beverage) pada Restoran Bali Vila Seminyak dan upaya penyelesaian masalah pelaku usaha terhadap kerugian konsumen atas ketidakpuasan dalam penyajian F&B (Food and Beverage) pada Restoran Bali Vila Seminyak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian empiris dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan fakta, dan pendekatan konseptual. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, penelitian kepustakaan dan wawancara. Tujuan penelitian untuk memahami dan menganalisis tanggung jawab pelaku usaha terhadap konsumen dalam hal tidak terpenuhinya standar penyajian food and beverage pada restoran, serta memahami dan menganalisis upaya penyelesaian pelaku usaha terhadap kerugian konsumen dalam hal tidak terpenuhinya standar penyajian food and beverage pada restoran. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan (1) bentuk tanggung jawab pelaku usaha terhadap konsumen dalam standar penyajian food and beverage yaitu ganti rugi berupa pengembalian uang, perawatan kesehatan, dan pemberian santunan. (2) upaya penyelesaian masalah pelaku usaha terhadap kerugian konsumen atas ketidakpuasan dalam penyajian food and beverage pada Restoran Bali Vila Seminyak melalui jalur non-litigasi yaitu dengan jalan mediasi. Kata Kunci: Bentuk Tanggung jawab, Pelaku Usaha, Konsumen, Standar Penyajian

Science and Technology for Alen-Alen Entrepreneur Comunities

This community service activity was intended to assist entrepreneurs engaged in the production of alen-alen, a product made from cassava. There are some problems encountered in the production process, such as washing raw materials manually, work safety during the production practice, products that are not in accordance with standard hygiene and sanitation and packaging process that has not been designed properly. The entrepreneurs want to increase production but the equipment and processing machinery are very limited. To overcome this problem, several methods can be performed by the academics, such as facilitating them with appropriate tools that meet the needs in the field. A cassava washer unit and specific boiler tools to avoid hot steam when taking the material were offered. In addition, entrepreneurs were trained in hygiene and sanitation in alen-alen making, educated for packaging technology quality, raw material selection and the use of food coloring, formulating variations for alen-alen manufacture, as well as financial bookkeeping training. The implementation of these activities is expected to generate shorter production process time leading to further increase in the production, income and welfare of the entrepreneurs.