Illness and Generality

A fenomenologia aplicada à enfermidade promoveu a elaboração do paradigma do corpo vivido, que tem sido frutífero na análise de estruturas da experiência da doença. Um resultado central da análise é a elucidação do conceito de enfermidade em termos de uma sintonia (Stimmung) do estranhamento (Unheimlichkeit) que é correspondente à ruptura na unidade do corpo vivido. A pessoa enferma situa-se numa atmosfera de estranhamento em relação ao corpo próprio, que aparece de forma análoga a um utensílio quebrado. Neste artigo problematizo a analogia com o utensílio quebrado, concentrando-me no exame do fenômeno da dúvida corporal. Minha sugestão é que a explicitação da teoria de categorias implicada na fenomenologia da dúvida corporal conduz a um pluralismo de modos de ser em que o tipo correspondente de generalidade impede a interpretação da experiência da enfermidade como a manifestação de um utensílio quebrado. Como conclusão, a presente análise é consistente com a interpretação da enfermidade como sendo a atmosfera do estranhamento, que é interpretado aqui como a disrupção na unidade de dois modos de ser: existência e vida. AbstractApplied phenomenology of illness elaborated the paradigm of living body, which has been successful in the analysis of the structures of the experience of disease. One of the main results of this analysis is the elucidation of the concept of illness in terms of an attunement (Stimmung) of the uncanniness (Unheimlichkeit) that is relative to a disruption in the unity of the living body. The ill person finds herself in an atmosphere of uncanniness in relation to her own body, which appears analogously to a broken tool. In this paper, I question the analogy with the broken tool, focusing in the examination of the phenomenon of bodily doubt. My suggestion is that the explicitation of the theory of categories implied in the phenomenology of bodily doubt leads to a pluralism of modes of being in which the corresponding type of generality precludes the interpretation of the experience of illness as the salience of a broken tool. As a result, this analysis remains consistent with the interpretation of illness as the atmosphere of uncanniness, which is presented here as the disruption in the unity of two ways of being: existence and life.

Terapi Penyakit Maksiat Menurut Ibnu Al-Qayyim Al-Jauziyyah

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui biografi Ibnu Al-Qayyim Al-Jauziyyah, mengetahui mengenai konsep penyakit maksiat menurut Ibnu Al-Qayyim Al-Jauziyyah serta terapi yang diberikan kepada pengidap penyakit maksiat tersebut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan Analisis Isi (Content Analisis) sehingga diharapkan dapat memberikan kesimpulan yang jelas dan benar. Adapun tekhnik pengumpulan data menggunakan cara studi kepustakaan (Library Research). Dan hasil yang ditemukan ialah nama Abu Abdillah Syamsuddin Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr lahir pada 7 Shafar 691 H dan meninggal 13 Rajab 751 H merupakan ulama Tazkiyyatu An-Nafs. Dan buku al-Dã’u wa al-Dawã’u didalamnya membahas tentang penyakit maksiat dan terapi yang diberikan bagi pengidapnya. Konsep penyakit menurut Ibnu Al-Qayyim Al-Jauziyyah mengenai maksiat dibagi menjadi tiga pengertian yang menjelaskan bahwa maksiat merupakan racun, maksiat merupakan perbuatan yang keluar dari norma dan maksiat merupakan kedurhakaan yang membawa pada kedurhakaan yang lainnya. Maka proses terapi yang diberikan ialah dengan Irsyad (konseling), Tabyîn (Penjelasan), Tanbîh wa Tahdîd (Peringatan dan Ancaman), Amr bi Taqwa wa Nahyu a’n Ma’shiyah (Menyeru pada Ketakwaan dan Mencegah kemaksiatan), al-Birru wa at-Tha’atu (Perbuatan baik dan Ketaatan), Mauizhah tentang al-Qur’an, Iman, Kematian, Neraka dan perkara yang menghapus kebaikan atau pahala, Do’a, Dzikir dan Ta’lîl. This study aims to find out the biography of Ibn Al-Qayyim Al-Jauziyyah, learn about the concept of immorality according to Ibn Al-Qayyim Al-Jauziyyah and the therapy given to people with illness that is. The method used in this research is Content Analysis (Content Analysis) so it is expected to give a clear and true conclusion. The data collection technique uses library research method. And the findings are the names of Abu Abdillah Syamsuddin Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr was born on 7 Shafar 691 H and died 13 Rajab 751 H was the scholar of Tazkiyyatu An-Nafs. And the book al-Dã'u wa al-Dawã'u discusses the illness and therapeutic illness given to the person. Then the concept of illness according to Ibn Al-Qayyim Al-Jauziyyah regarding immorality is divided into three definitions which explain that immorality is a poison, immorality is an act that goes out of the norm and vice is a violation that leads to other acts of disobedience. The therapeutic process is given by Irsyad (counseling), Tabyîn (Explanation), Tanbîh wa Tahdîd (Warnings and Threats), Amr bi Taqwa wa Nahyu a'n Ma'shiyah (Call upon Prayers and Prevent disobedience), al-Birru wa at-Tha'atu (Good Deeds and Obedience), Mauizhah of the Qur'an, Faith, Death, Hell and the things that wipe out good or reward, Dhamma, Dzikir and Ta'lîl.

The concept of illness in the physician-patient relationship

Not available

Ciała otwarte, ciała zamknięte. Płeć w dziewiętnastowiecznym dyskursie medycznym

The analysis of sexual differences in the representations of illnesses and patients in Polish medical literature in the 1840s shows that female and male patients were depicted in different ways. While female bodies were shown as open, vulnerable and malleable, male bodies were fortified, closed, and resistant. These two modes of representation entail two different concepts of illness: while women’s illnesses were caused by external factors, men’s maladies were believed to be the result of a distortion of inner balance. Interestingly, in the period discussed, there was more and more scientific evidence to support the ‘feminine’ concept of illness. Doctors projected the new vision of malady only on women, equating femininity and modernity and depicting them as dangerous forces disturbing the previous autarky of the men’s world.

Lėtinės ligos naratyvas: ligos patyrimo prasmės ir tapatumo paieškos

Vilniaus universitetasSocialinio darbo katedraUniversiteto g. 9/1, LT-01513VilniusTel. +370 652 489 50El. paštas: [email protected] Modernioje ir pomodernioje Vakarų sveikatos sociologijoje skiriama nemažai dėmesio tapatumo raiškai analizuoti asmens pasakojimo apie savo lėtinę ligą kontekste ir pačiam ligos patyrimo istorijos pasakojimui. Lietuvoje ši tema nagrinėjama mažiau, todėl šio straipsnio tikslas – atskleisti lėtine liga sergančio asmens tapatumo ir ligos istorijos pasakojimo fenomenų ypatumus ir sąsajas bei vaidmenį ligos dinamikos procese.Straipsnyje, remiantis vėlyvosios modernybės teoretikų su lėtinės ligos patyrimu ir tapatumo kitimu susijusiomis kategorijomis, tapatumas suprantamas kaip tęstinis, dialektinis, sąveikaujant individui ir jo aplinkai vykstantis procesas, kurį refleksijos, savo gyvenimo analizės iratspindėjimo būdu kuria pats asmuo. O apie lėtinės ligos patyrimą galima kalbėti ne tik kaip apie kritinę situaciją, kuri susijusi su pasikeitusiomis kūno galimybėmis ir poveikiu asmens socialiniam tinklui, ar sukeliančią lūžį biografijoje, bet ir kaip apie vieną iš gyvenimo uždavinių, sergančiojo tapatumui suteikiantį naujų pozityvių galimybių. Viena iš tokių galimybių – peržvelgti gyvenimą pasakojant savo ligos istoriją. Ištikus ligai įprastas gyvenimo istorijos pasakojimas gali prarasti savo prasmę ir atsirasti poreikis ligos patirtį sudėlioti į naują biografinio naratyvo seką. Toks naratyvinis tapatumo rekonstravimas suteikia galimybę sąmoningai reflektuoti savo ligos istoriją patiriant vientisą tapatumo jausmą, kuris laikomas asmenybės brandos šerdimi ir reikšmingu centru, suteikiančiu žmogaus gyvenimui prasmę. Toks savo istorijos pasakojimas ne tik padeda atpažinti save savo gyvenimo kontekste, bet ir aktyviai kurti savo tapatumą,taip pat leidžia prisiimti atsakomybę už savo gyvenimą. Todėl naratyvas gali būti laikomas terapine ir prasmės atradimo priemone, skatinančia vidinius bei socialinius integracijos procesus.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: ligos naratyvas, lėtinės ligos patyrimas, tapatumo rekonstravimas.The Narrative of Chronic Illness: a Search for Meaning and IdentityToma Jasiukevičiūtė SummaryThe narrative of chronic illness, which works as therapeutic instrument and as a way of constructing the meaning, and the identity issues in this context attain quite much attention in Western modern and post-modern health sociology. In Lithuania this topic is analyzed less, therefore the aim of this article is to discuss the role of the chronic illness narrative in the dynamics of the illness, with the special focus on the expression of an identity and the importance of creating of a personal meaning.The concept of illness narrative and features of the identity’s changes in the process of creating a narrative of illness are discussed in this article. The development of researches related with the topic of illness narrative and identity as well as its theoretical and methodological aspects are represented. The relation between body’s and social dimensions of identity in the process of a chronic illness are revealed. The concept of narrative is introduced as a reflective way to reconstruct ones identity while recovering from chronic illness and also the narrative is represented as therapeutic tool, which supports psychological, social and spiritual recovery.