Traveling and solitary waves in monodisperse and dimer granular chains

We provide a review of propagating traveling waves and solitary pulses in uncompressed one-dimensional ([Formula: see text]) ordered granular media. The first such solution in homogeneous granular media was discovered by Nesterenko in the form of a single-hump solitary pulse with energy-dependent profile and velocity. Considering directly the discrete, strongly nonlinear governing equations of motion of these media (i.e., without resorting to continuum approximation or homogenization), we show the existence of countably infinite families of stable multi-hump propagating traveling waves with arbitrary wavelengths. A semi-analytical approach is used to study the dependence of these waves on spatial periodicity (wavenumber) and energy, and to show that in a certain asymptotic limit, these families converge to the single-hump Nesterenko solitary wave. Then the study is extended in dimer granular chains composed of alternating “heavy” and “light” beads. For a set of specific mass ratios between the light and heavy beads, we show the existence of multi-hump solitary waves that propagate faster than the Nesterenko solitary wave in the corresponding homogeneous granular chain composed of only heavy beads. The existence of these waves has interesting implications in energy transmission in ordered granular chains.