6. Exile poetry

In 8/9 CE Ovid was sent by the emperor Augustus to the town of Tomi in modern Romania, at the time at the far edge of the Roman Empire. 'Exile poetry' focuses on the Tristia (Sad Songs) and the Epistulae ex Ponto (Letters from the Black Sea), in total nine books of laments in which Ovid begs to be restored to Rome, or at least to be moved to a more congenial location. The main development between Tristia and ExPonto is Ovid's formal adoption in the later series of a letter format natural to poems sent over a long distance. The circumstances of this poetry, and particularly the identification of the addressee in the Ex Ponto, allows a degree of poignancy rare elsewhere is his poetry. Certainly, for all his claims to the contrary, Ovid’s poetic powers do not abandon him on the Black Sea, and what has made Ovid's exile poetry one of the most influential parts of his oeuvre is the rarity of a classical poet offering an intimately personal account of estrangement and alienation. In turn, these poems provided perhaps unexpected inspiration for modern writers exercised by themes of separation.

Letter writing, an alternative approach in teacher education

Instead of telling prospective teachers who they should be, we asked them: “Who are you?” We used a narrative approach to explore their own perspectives. The students were invited to share their thoughts and experiences in letter format. This letter-writing assignment was part of a course on intercultural school practices. We viewed the students’ narratives in light of J. P. Gee’s distinction between discourse with lowercase “d” and Discourse with a capital “D.” The students cited their families as being their most important formative factor, facilitating a safe and active childhood. Emphasis was also placed on where they grew up, with nature a mere “all-weather boot” step away, and where bicycle locks were unnecessary.

Write2me: using patient feedback to improve postconsultation urology clinic letters

Letters between hospital clinicians and general practitioners following an outpatient clinic (OPD) consultation have generally not been shared with patients. Recent guidelines from the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges recommend that all OPD letters should be written directly to the patient. While the benefits of this approach are recognised, additional attention is required to ensure readability, accuracy and acceptability. Our aim was to improve urology OPD letters in a university teaching hospital to ensure suitability for sharing with patients over a 3-month period as measured by patient feedback. In one OPD, 71% of patients stated that they wished to receive a copy of their letter. We designed, tested and implemented two paper-based, self-explanatory prompts to ensure doctors used paragraphs and a structured letter format when dictating OPD letters. This was achieved using a 90-day improvement cycle supported by a quality improvement learning collaborative and evaluated by measurement of Flesch Reading Ease Score, use of paragraphs, use of letter structure and patient feedback. Following the implementation of the intervention, letters were sent to 120 patients and feedback was obtained from 63 patients with either a feedback postcard or telephone interview. Of the 53 patients who agreed to participate in the telephone feedback, 39 (74%) found the letter easy to understand, 49 (92%) reported it was accurate and summarised the consultation as they remembered it and 38 (72%) reported that reading the letter improved their understanding of their OPD visit. All patients said they would like to receive similar letters from future OPD consultations. This improvement report describes the implementation of an intervention to improve the quality of OPD letters and the acceptability and value of these letters to patients.

E-ADMINISTRATION OF POPULATION IN WEST BUNGUS VILLAGE

In the service of Population Administration In the West Bungus sub-district has used a computer, making is done manually still using Microsoft Office Word applications so that there is an accumulation of irregular files and frequent loss of letter files and village officials must retype sometimes there is a letter format that does not conform to official letter standards which has been set. Through this final project the author designs and makes the Population E-Administration at the Village, which will be applied to the Bungus Barat sub-district by using PHP language programming and MySQL Database, so that it is expected to provide officers and the public with faster and more accurate services by applying such inputting population data and correspondence does not occur again. With a change from the old system to a new system that is more effective and efficient (computerized) in the service of population administration in the village of Bungus Barat becomes fast and services in administration are better.

Byzantine Historical Writing, 900–1400

This chapter talks about how the dates 900 and 1400 are not entirely arbitrary divisions in the history of Byzantine historical writing. Approximately thirty-one pieces of Greek historical writing produced in the Byzantine world (excluding Latin occupied areas) survive from the period 900–1400. It also includes a work whose author, Niketas Choniates, published more than one version, as well as works that might not be considered strictly historical because they record limited episodes in a speech or letter format, and in a rhetorical context of apology, request, panegyric, or denunciation. Other works in this border zone, however, have not been included despite the rich historical information they contain: such are the tenth-century hagiographies of the patriarchs Ignatios and Euthymios, and the self-canonizing autobiography of Nikephoros Blemmydes.

APPROXIMATE INTEGRATION OF HIGHLY OSCILLATING FUNCTIONS

Elementary approximate formulae for numerical integration of functions containing oscillating factors of a special form with a parameter have been proposed in the paper. In this case general quadrature formulae can be used only at sufficiently small values of the parameter. Therefore, it is necessary to consider in advance presence of strongly oscillating factors in order to obtain formulae for numerical integration which are suitable in the case when the parameter is changing within wide limits. This can be done by taking into account such factors as weighting functions. Moreover, since the parameter can take values which cannot always be predicted in advance, approximate formulae for calculation of such integrals should be constructed in such a way that they contain this parameter in a letter format and they are suitable for calculation at any and particularly large values of the parameter. Computational rules with such properties are generally obtained by dividing an interval of integration into elementary while making successive approximation of the integral density at each elementary interval with polynomials of the first, second and third degrees and taking the oscillating factors as weighting functions. The paper considers the variant when density of the integrals at each elementary interval is approximated by a polynomial of zero degree that is a constant which is equal to the value of density in the middle of the interval. At the same time one approximate formula for calculation of an improper integral with infinite interval of the function with oscillating factor of a special type has been constructed in the paper. In this case it has been assumed that density of the improper integral rather quickly goes to zero when an argument module is increasing indefinitely. In other words it is considered as small to negligible outside some finite interval. Uniforms in parameter used for evaluation of errors in approximate formulae have been obtained in the paper and they make it possible to calculate integrals with the required accuracy.

Leisure Grooves

Charles Keil enjoyed a long and illustrious self-styled career as an activist, musician, educator, and “applied sociomusicologist.” His many investigations included urban blues music, the Tiv people of Africa, polka musicians in Buffalo, and Balkan musicians in Greece. His work has focused on groove and participation, as a response to what he sees as a corrupt and overrationalized Western culture. In this unconventional “open letter” format, the author explores the richness of Keil’s life and work, encouraged by his call for vibrant, vernacular, participatory, nonmediated musics that nurture spontaneity, and by his call for music learning inspired by paideia and groove. The chapter finds excitement in the implications Keil’s practice might hold for music learning and teaching, participatory music making, and for conceptualizing all education as “leisure education.”

Error Analysis of Students’ Sentence Structure in Writing Application Letter

This research was aimed to describe the kind of the classification and the dominant of error that made by the student in writing application letter at the twelfth grade of SMKN 5 Batam in the academic year 2015/2016. The analysis of error in the foreign language learning was important to help the teacher to take an immediate action to avoid the re-occurrence of error. This study was limited only in the classification of error in the element of sentence and the application letter format. The research was conducted in April 2016 and was held on twelfth grade with the number of sample was 50 students. Data was collected by the written test and analyzed by descriptive method to describe the students’ error. The result of the research presented there was 1188 errors in the application letter format and sentence structure in writing application letter. There were 45.03% with number 535 errors of omission, 14.06% with number 167 errors of addition, 36.03% with number 428 errors of selection, and 4.88% with number 58 errors of ordering. The dominant sentence structure error was 7.15% with number 85 errors of omission in the adverbial and adverbial complement element of the simple sentence. A lot of error in the element of the sentence structure in writing application letter caused by the omission, selection, and addition of some letter in the element. The error also caused by the application of the capital letter, punctuation, and conjunction while the error of ordering was due to the sequence of the element in the sentence structure was incorrect placed. Based on the finding of the research, the researcher suggested that the teacher should pay more attention in the writing subject learning and correct the error directly to avoid the re-occurrence of the error, while for the school should facilitate the overall English teaching. Keywords: error analysis and sentence structure