Transcriptomics Analysis of Daheng Broilers Reveals that PLIN2 Regulates Chicken Preadipocyte Proliferation, Differentiation and Apoptosis

Intramuscular fat content, an important meat quality trait, strongly affects flavor, juiciness, and tenderness. Sex hormones regulate lipid metabolism, and female hormones stimulate fat deposition, thereby making the female chickens always fatter than males. In this study, the effect of sex on IMF deposition was screened following transcriptomics in chickens. Results confirmed significantly higher IMF content of 150-day female chickens as compared to the male chickens. The female chickens manifested higher serum TG, LDL-C, and VLDL, and significantly lower HDL-C contents than male chickens. Moreover, differential expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism were obtained in the muscle and liver between female and male chicken, which could partly interpret the possible reasons for the sex-mediated differences of IMF content. Cellular results revealed that inhibition of PLIN2 significantly inhibited chicken preadipocyte proliferation and induces apoptosis of preadipocytes, as well as promoted adipocyte differentiation.

Plumage colours Stability in Inbreed Pelung Chicken

Pelung is one of the most importance local chicken in Indonesia. Genetic introgression and inbreeding depression were the major threat for local chicken gene pool. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of serial inbreeding mating to plumage colours of Pelung chicken. Pure Pelung chicken which purchased from Cianjur sub-district was undergo full-sib mating through five generation. All offspring phenotypes was recorded. The results show gradual plumage phenotype change of inbreed Pelung chicken. Initially, adult male chicken had Black-red coloured as wildtype (WT) shifted to partridge and black-silver coloured in later generations. The current findings indicating that inbreeding made recessive traits to be expressed which some of them might had deleterious effect. Random mating should be maintained to preserve genetics stability of Pelung chicken

The concentration of androgen receptor and protein kinase A in male chicken following the administration of a combination of the epididymis and testicular extracts

Background and Aim: Testis (T) and epididymis (E) are waste from the abattoir that is rarely used. In fact, both organs contain important chemicals needed for spermatogenesis (e.g., hormones, proteins, and other molecules). Therefore, administration of a combination of testis and epididymis (CTE) extracts may activate androgen receptors (AR) and protein kinase A (PKA) molecules that play a prominent role in spermatogenesis. We, therefore, aimed at investigating the influence of the CTE extracts on the concentration of AR and PKA in male chicken. Materials and Methods: This study used a completely randomized design with four treatment groups (K0, K1, K2, and K3) and five replications per group. K0 is a control group that received 1 mL normal saline, whereas K1, K2, and K3 are the test groups that received 1, 2, and 3 mL of CET extracts, respectively. Twenty male chickens (strain: broiler Mb 89), 3 weeks of age, weighing 500-700 g were used. We administered the injections in a 13-day period and on the 14th day; we collected and processed blood samples as serum to measure the AR and PKA concentrations using commercial chicken AR and PKA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, respectively. We performed analyses by analysis of variance using SPSS 20.0. Results: The AR concentrations in K1, K2, and K3 groups increased by 4.26%, 10.97%, and 28.04%, respectively, compared to the K0 (control group). However, this increase was not significantly different between the groups (p>0.05). Moreover, the PKA concentrations increased by 2.97%, 2.60%, and 4.08% in K1, K2, and K3 groups, respectively, compared to the control group. However, this increase was not significantly different between the groups as well (p>0.05). Conclusion: The CTE extracts tended to increase the AR and PKA concentrations even though it is not significant. Therefore, it needs further study when using the CTE extracts for spermatogenesis in male chicken.

Manajemen usaha Ayam Pedaging Jantan dan Betina dengan Penambahan Suplemen Organik Cair

This study aims to determine the growth of broiler chickens and analyze the feasibility of broiler farming with the addition of liquid organic supplements. Liquid organic supplements (SOC) or also called probiotics contain Lactobacillus sp, Azetobacter sp, Basiluss sp, vitamins, and minerals. SOC can increase antibodies, reduce stress levels, suppress the onset of disease, help stimulate appetite, and accelerate the growth of broiler chicken. Broilers are divided into 4 treatments female broilers without SOC, male broilers without SOC, female broilers with the addition of SOC, and treatment of male broilers with the addition of SOC. Based on the results and discussion the highest PBB is obtained by male chicken with SOC. Feasibility analysis shows that all treatments are feasible, B/C (3.11) and R/C (3.18) values of treatments added by SOC are higher than treatments without SOC.Keywords: Broiler, Feasibility Analysis, SOC

Effect of fluoroquinolones on the male chicken reproductive organs

The using of antibiotics in poultry has some disadvantages. The problem of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms is recognized globally and is currently one of the strategic goals worldwide. Fluoroquinolones are an important and large group of synthetic antimicrobials that have great importance in the treatment of infectious-inflammatory poultry diseases of different etiologies. Fluoroquinolones have high bactericidal activity against a number of bacterial pathogens that infect poultry including E. coli, Hebsiell spp., Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococoeus spp. and Chlamydia spp. Enrofloxacin (ENR) is an antimicrobial agent belonging to the group of third-generation fluoroquinolones. ENR has been historically used as veterinary medicine for treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory infections in several animal species, including poultrys cursing diseases caused by gram-positive and negative bacteria. Enrofloxacin presents 1,4-dihydro-1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-4-oxo-3-quinoli;3-quinoline carboxylic acid. A further synthesis allowed the reaching of active substances of cyclopropyl, as an antibacterial action to get further extension. A crystalline active substance with faint yellow color that was obtained to develop in high purity, is hardly soluble in water at pH 7, but as the molecule contains acidic and basic groups, it is easily dissolved at both alkaline and acid pH. The goal of the work. The purpose of our study was to investigate the sperm of male chicken after the use of enrofloxacin and to identify metabolites. Materials and methods of research. The researches were conducted in the conditions of vivarium clinics of the veterinary faculty and laboratories of the department of epizootology and parasitology of Sumy National Agrarian University. 80 male chickens were placed for research, which were kept in metal cages for 5–6 individuals. The use, care and transportation of birds for toxicological research were with all applicable animal welfare laws. All reasonable steps were taken to avoid or minimize discomfort, distress or pain of birds. Results of research and discussion. The differences between normal motility and defect sperm in control and enrofloxacin treated birds were not founded. Weight of testes, wattles and combs was not affected by drug. Ascorbic acid, total protein, testosterone and cholesterol concentration were similar in control and enrofloxacin treated groups. It is suggested that enrofloxacin at doses used were safe for male chicken. The administration of the drug “Enzin 10%” to the male chicken did not affect the concentration of ascorbic acid in the testicles, total protein and cholesterol. These indicators are actively involved in spermatogenesis. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of the drug “Enzin 10%” at therapeutic doses for 10 days had no negative effect on spermatogenesis of the male chicken.

PERBEDAAN PERSENTASE PEMBERIAN RANSUM ANTARA SIANG DAN MALAM TERHADAP PERFORMA AYAM JANTAN TIPE MEDIUM DI KANDANG POSTAL

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of different percentage of ration between day and night to male chicken medium type performance; the best level of percentage of ration that given between the day and night in chicken coop. A total of one hundred and forty four day-old male chicks medium type were divided into 3 treatments and 6 replications, each treatment consist of 8 male chickens. The treatments were ration that given 30% during the day and 70% the night; ration that given 50% during the day and 50% the night; ration that given 70% during the day and 30% the night. This research was conducted from August through October 2018 in Integrated Laboratory Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. Data were subjected to analysis variance. Significant was considered at 5% level of probability. The results showed, percentage ration between day and night signicant influence feed consumption (P <0.05), but not significant effect to body weight and feed conversion ratio. The percentage of ration given 30% during day and 70% night is the best treatment influence feed conversion ratio (2,41) with feed consumption 1.738.03 g/bird and body weight 718,58 g/bird. Keywords : Male chickens, Ration percentage, Chicken coop

The concentration of testosterone, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, and protamine 1 in the serum of male chicken following administration of epididymis and testicular extracts and their combination

Background and Aim: Testis and epididymis are male reproductive organs that play an important role in spermatogenesis. These two organs are rich in the content of hormones and other molecules needed in the process of spermatogenesis which affect the quality of the spermatozoa. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the administration of epididymis and testicular extracts and their combination on testosterone, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), and protamine 1 (PRM1) concentrations in the serum of male chicken. Materials and Methods: Twenty male chickens (broiler strain Cp707), aged 3 weeks and weighing 800-1000 g, were randomly divided into four different groups including a control group (T0) = injected with 1 ml normal saline and treatment groups: T1 = injected with 1 ml epididymis extract, T2 = injected with 1 ml testicular extract, and T3 = injected with a combination of 1 ml epididymis + 1 ml testicular extract. The experiment was conducted for 13 days and at the end of the study (day 14), the chickens were sacrificed to obtain the serum. Furthermore, the concentrations of testosterone, PACAP, and PRM1 were then measured by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Results: The concentrations of PACAP and PRM1 did not show a significant difference between treatment groups (T1, T2, and T3) and control group (T0) (p>0.05). However, the concentration of testosterone showed a significantly higher difference in a group injected with a combination of 1 ml epididymis and 1 ml testicular extracts (T3) compared to the control group (T0) (p<0.05). Conclusion: The administration of epididymis and testicular extracts and their combination did not affect the increase of PACAP and PRM1 concentration. However, a combination of these extracts significantly affects the increase of testosterone concentration in the serum of male chicken.