Developmental Venous Anomaly with Adjacent Parenchymal Abnormality Masquerading as Glioma-A Unique Case Report

Developmental venous anomaly (DVA)/ Cerebral Venous Angioma is the most common type of cerebral vascular malformations, mostly an incidental benign finding. But there are documented associated complications like parenchymal signal abnormalities, thrombosis, cavernous malformations and parenchymal atrophy. In this report, we present a unique case of cerebral DVA with cortical changes mimicking the Glioma. Altered haemodynamics in DVA is the underlying pathophysiology for these changes. Correct MRI interpretation, by an expert neuroradiologist, can establish the diagnosis of DVA and its related changes. Therefore, it can reduce the morbidity and mortality by preventing the unnecessary invasive procedures like biopsy for diagnosis.

Identifying patients at risk of post-discharge complications related to COVID-19 infection

SARS-CoV-2 infection is a multisystem disease with post-discharge sequelae. We report early follow-up data from one UK hospital of the initial 200 hospital inpatients with slow recovery from the condition. At 4 weeks post-discharge, 321/957 survivors (34%) had persistent symptoms. A structured outpatient clinical assessment protocol was designed, and outcomes from the first 200 patients seen 4–6 weeks post-discharge are presented here. In 80/200 (40%), we identified at follow-up a cardiorespiratory cause of breathlessness, including persistent parenchymal abnormality (64 patients), pulmonary embolism (four patients) and cardiac complications (eight patients). These findings occurred both in patients who had intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and those who had been managed on the ward, although patients requiring ICU admissions were more likely to have a significant cardiorespiratory cause found for their breathlessness, risk ratio 2.8 (95% CI 1.5 to 5.1).

Basic Principal for Reading of Chest X Ray Acording to International Labour Organization (ILO) Classification for Pneumoconiosis

Pneumoconiosis is disease that caused by deposition of dust in lung parenchymal with fibrosis was result of it’s reaction. Usually pneumoconiosis diagnose and classified by conventional chest x ray. The International Labour Organization (ILO) described standard system for classified radiograph abnormality of pneumoconiosis based on parenchymal and pleural abnormality. Parenchymal abnormality divided into 2 categories that is small opacities and large opacities. Description steps of chest X ray reading based on ILO classification was technical quality, parenchymal abnormality (shape and size, affected zone and profusion), pleural abnormality (localized, width, extent and severity of calcification) and other abnormality with recorded by symbols (J Respir Indo. 2019; 39: 272-9)

Incidence of brain parenchymal abnormality in a group of HIV positive patients admitted in tertiary care hospital: a prospective descriptive study

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to examine the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on the central nervous system (CNS) since the beginning of the disease. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of brain parenchymal abnormality in a group of HIV positive patients and to detect and study the profile of MRI patterns of brain lesions in HIV positive patients.Methods: In our study, total of 28 patients have been evaluated enrolled between 01 December 2013 to 30 December 2014.Results: During the study period 35 patients on immune-surveillance were screened for brain lesions of which 28 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in study. The male-female ratio has been found to be 4.6:1 with the mean age of 43 (18-77). Majority of patients presented with headache as main clinical symptom. Out of which 20% normal, 13.3% NSWM, 13.3% atrophy, hematoma 6.6%, infarct 6.6%, toxoplasmosis 13.3%, PML 13.3%, NCC 6.6% and CMV encephalitis 6.6%. Altered mental status and neurological deficit 27.6% and 20.7%, respectively, were two other symptoms following headache. MR imaging detected neuroparenchymal abnormality in 20 (71.4%), out of 28 HIV positive patients. There was no neuroparenchymal abnormality seen in the rest of the 08 patientsConclusions: MR imaging detected neuroparenchymal abnormality in 20 (71.4%), out of 28 HIV positive patients. Based on our study we can conclude that the MRI of brain is the primary modality to detect the brain lesion in HIV positive patient even if he is asymptomatic clinically.