UJI KARAKTERISTIK 4 JENIS RAMBUTAN LOKAL (Nephelium sp.)

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the Morphological, Physical, Storage, and Chemical Characteristics of 4 types of Local Rambutan (Nephelium Sp.). Fruit characteristic test is carried out on Morphology, Physical Properties, Storing Power, and Chemical Content of Rambutan fruit which refers to Descriptor of Rambutan (IPGRI, 2003). This study uses one-way Anova Analysis which is then tested further by BNJ at a 5% level for the Chemical Content Test of fruit. Followed by Klastering Test using MVSP 32 Program with Spearman Coefficient analysis. Morphological observations of fruit quantitatively and qualitatively that is Pulasan has the character of weight, length, diameter, skin weight, aryl weight, and weight of fruit seeds is greater than other types. Lulu has a uniform fruit skin color that is dark red, Sipadeh (N2) also has a uniform color that is yellow / cream. Sipadeh (N1) and Pulasan have a sweeter taste and easier idleness (chipped). This is different from Lulu and Sipadeh (N2), where both types have a sour taste and are difficult to crack (peel) from the seeds. In the chemical test, Sipadeh (N2) and Lulu have a high content of Vitamin C and total titrated acid. Whereas Pulasan and Sipadeh (N1) which have high Dissolved Solid Total Value. The results of the morphological cluster analysis of the fruit produced a dendrogram with a phenolic similarity of -50% to 100%. The results of the cluster chemical analysis result in a dendrogram with Kf -80% to 70%. Keyword: Characteristics, Local Rambutan (Nephelium Sp.)

Sweet Cherry Fruit Characteristic in Covered Orchards

The aim of evaluations performed in experimental plantings of the Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd. was to verify the effect of covering systems on fruit characteristics – size, weight, firmness and soluble solids content (SSC). The research was focused on evaluation of fruit characteristics in 2017 and 2018 on fourteen cultivars: ´Amid´, ´Cristiana´, ´Early Korvik´, ´Elza´, ´Fabiola´, ´Felicita´, Horka´, ´Justyna´, ´Kasandra´, ´Kordia´, ´Korvik´, ´Tamara´, ´Těchlovan´ and ´Vanda´. The tested cultivars were grown in an IPM irrigated covered orchard. The largest fruit size was recorded for the cultivar ´Tamara‘ with 29.5 mm followed by the cultivar ´Horka‘ with 29 mm and ´Felicita´ with 28.6 mm. The greatest weight was recorded for the cultivar ´Tamara‘ with 12.4 g followed by ´Felicita´ with 12.3 g. The greatest firmness was recorded in fruits of the cultivar ´Amid´ with index 77.5 and ´Tamara´ with index 73.2. High correlation between fruit characteristics was found only between weight and size of fruits (correlation coefficient 0.88). High differences were recorded between years. In 2017, fruits characteristics were higher (size 27.5 mm, weight 10.9 g, firmness 65.3, SSC 19.3 °Brix) while in 2018, fruit characteristics were lower (size 26.5 mm, weight 9.2 g, firmness 59.2, SSC 16.5 °Brix).

Significance of follicle anatomy of Apocynaceae

The pericarp structure of <i>Aganosma</i>, <i>Alstonia</i>, <i>Catharanthus</i> sp., <i>Holarrhena</i>, <i>Ichnocarpus</i>, <i>Parsonsia</i>, <i>Strophanthus</i>, <i>Vallaris</i> and <i>Wrightia</i> sp. distinguished into epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp has been used to put forward their taxonomic and phylogenetic importance. Epicarp is single layered in <i>Catharanthus</i> sp., <i>Ichnocarpus</i>, <i>Parsonsia</i> and <i>Vinca</i>, while in the rest of the genera it is multilayered. Mesocarp is parenchymatous which embeds vasculature and non-articulated laticifers. Endocarp is multilayered and thick walled. Dehiscence of the follicle is marginicidal. A comparison table of follicular features of <i>Apocynaceae</i>, <i>Asclepiadaceae</i> and <i>Periplocaceae</i> is furnished and their features are discussed. A taxonomic key based on follicular fruit characteristic to indentify the genera and species is appended.

Diallel Analysis of Fruit Water Absorption in Tomato, a Contributing Factor in Postharvest Decays

Harvested tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit can absorb water via stem scar tissues. Decay incidence {bacterial soft rot (Erwinia carotovora Jones), sour rot (Geotrichum candidum Link), bacterial sour rot [Leuconostoc mesenteroides (Tsenkovskii) van Tieghem ssp. mesenteroides], and certain species of Lactobacillus Beijerinck} has been positively linked with the degree of water absorption. Previous studies have shown that cultivars differ in their tendencies to take up water during a simulation of packinghouse handling procedures. The inheritance of water absorption tendency was examined in two seasons of tests where six inbred tomato lines were intercrossed to develop a complete diallel. Following harvest at the mature-green stage, fruit were weighed, submerged in water for 2 min, and then reweighed to determine water absorption. Parental lines were tested in three seasons. Two parental lines, Fla. 7776 and Fla. 7946, were always in the low-absorption grouping, and NC84173 also had relatively low absorption. Fla. 8059 and Fla. 7777 were always in the high-absorption group, and Fla. 8000 tended to have high absorption. General combining ability for the low water absorption fruit characteristic was significant for both seasons with a higher level of significance in the spring over the fall season (P ≤ 0.001 and P ≤ 0.05, respectively), while specific combining ability was not significant for either season. Thus, the low water absorption fruit characteristic appears to be additively inherited. Accurate knowledge of parental absorption should allow prediction of hybrid performance. None of the hybrids absorbed unexpected amounts of water over both seasons. Reciprocal effects were significant (P ≤ 0.05) for fall, and maternal effects were significant (P ≤ 0.05) in spring. However, there was no general trend in water absorption due to the direction of the cross and thus no clear evidence for cytoplasmic inheritance. Water absorption was much greater in spring than in fall. Based on previous observations, the greater absorption in spring was due to higher field temperatures. Because of such environmental effects, parent lines should be replicated and tested over several seasons to accurately assess their relative water absorption. Crosses between consistently low water absorption parents should provide low-absorption hybrids, but testing of hybrids before release is suggested to verify this.