Application of Point Cloud Data Processing in River Regulation

Geotextile materials are often used in river regulation projects to cut down sand loss caused by water erosion, to thus ensure a stable and safe river bed. In order to measure the overlap width in the geotextile-laying procedure, we proposed a point processing method for cloud data, which engages point cloud data obtained by 3-D imaging sonar to do automatic measurements. Firstly, random sampling and consensus point cloud segmentation and outer point filtering based on statistical analysis on density were used to extract the upper and lower plane data of the geotextile. Secondly, cluster classification was used to obtain the edge point cloud. Lastly, edge characteristic parameters were extracted by linear fitting, and the overlap width in geotextile laying was calculated. Results show that this measurement scheme is feasible, robust, and accurate enough to meet the requirements in real-life engineering.

Low-Speed Aerodynamic Analysis Using Four Different Turbulent Models of Solver of a Wind Turbine Shroud

This study presents the effect of four different turbulent models of solver on the aerodynamic analysis of a shroud at wind speed below 6 m/s. The converting shroud uses a combination of a cylindrical case and an inverted circular wing base which captures the wind from a 360° direction. The CFD models used are: the SST (Menter) k-ω model, the Reynolds Stress Transport (RST) model, the Improved Delay Detached Eddies Simulation model (IDDES) SST k-ω model and the Large Eddies Simulation Wall Adaptive model. It was found that all models have predicted a convergent surface pressure. The RST, the IDDES and the WALE LES are the only models which have well described regions of pressure gradient. They have all predicted a pressure difference between the planes (1–5) which shows a movement of the air from the lower plane 1 (inlet) to the higher plane 5 (outlet). The RST and IDDES have predicted better vorticities on the plane 1 (inlet). It was also found that the model RST, IDDES, and WALE LES have captured properly the area of turbulences across the internal region of the case. All models have predicted the point of flow separation. They have also revealed that the IDDES and the WALE LES can capture and model the wake eddies at different planes. Thus, they are the most appropriate for such simulation although demanding in computational power. The movement of air predicted by almost all models could be used to drive a turbine.

Interaction analysis of bucket bottom knife with soil to build up subbase

Introduction. To solve the problem of accelerating the construction of roads, improving their quality, it is advisable to use a continuous action unit to form a underlying layer. The main working elements of this unit are buckets, which cut off the soil layer from below and side. At the same time, the bottom knife cuts off the ground layer from below, the right knife - on the side, and the console knife partially cuts the top layer of soil from below for the next bucket. In particular, the analysis of interaction with the ground of the bottom knife of the continuous action unit is of theoretical and practical interest. To do this, the lower knife is divided into elements and the interaction of these elements with the soil is analyzed. The consistent impact on the soil of many bottom knives, within the width of the grip of the unit, is replaced by the impact on the ground of one conventional bottom knife at a distance necessary for the development of one cubic meter of soil. The forces of interaction of the conventional bottom knife with the soil are called conditional forces.The method of research. The method of calculating energy costs when introducing the bottom knife into the ground is presented. In general, when introducing the bottom knife in the ground, there are energy costs: to separate the soil, to overcome the friction of the ground on the edge of the blade, to overcome the pressure of the ground on the face, to the rise of the ground, to the vertical acceleration of the ground by the phase, to overcome the friction of the ground on the face, to overcome the friction of the ground on the surface, to overcome the friction of the ground on the lower plane. The total energy costs of interacting with a one cubic metre soil are derived from the addition of private energy costs. The method of calculating the horizontal longitudinal force needed to move the bottom knife is given.Results. On the basis of the developed method, energy costs are calculated in the introduction of the lower knife: on the separation of the soil, on overcoming the friction of the ground on the edge of the blade, on overcoming the pressure of the ground on the face, on the rise of the ground, on the vertical acceleration of the ground face, on overcoming the friction of the ground on the fascia, to overcome the friction of the ground on the lower plane. Energy costs to overcome the friction of the ground on the surface of the bottom knife are zero, as the soil flies over it. The total energy costs of the bottom knife interact with the soil of one cubic meter. The horizontal long-lived force needed to move the bottom knife has been determined.Conclusion. As a result of the calculations: the energy needed to cut the ground with the bottom knives, about 5 kJ/cube m., horizontal longitudinal force needed to move the lower knife - 16 N. To determine the total energy costs of moving the boiler unit to remove the top layer of soil from the underlying layer of the road, you need to analyze the interaction with the soil of other elements of the bucket.

INTERACTION ANALYSIS OF THE CONSOLE KNIFE SURFACE WITH THE SOIL

Introduction. In Russia the use of cyclical equipment to remove the top layer of the soil is not feasible. The problem of the roads construction accelerating, improving their quality can be solved by applying a continuous action unit to form a litter layer. The main working bodies of the unit are buckets, including lower knives, right knives and console knives. A console knife contains the edge of the blade, the front face of the blade, the surface and the lower plane. The analysis of the interaction with the ground elements of the continuous action unit console knife is of theoretical and practical interest.The method of research. A consistent impact of many console knives on the ground within the width of the capture unit by the impact of one conventional console knife on the ground at a distance needed to develop one cubic meter of soil is replaced. The interaction forces of the conventional console knife with the ground are called conventional forces. The method of calculating energy costs when introducing a console knife into the ground is presented: to overcome the pressure of the ground on the front face of the console knife, to lift the ground, to vertical acceleration of the soil of the front bevel, to overcome the friction of the ground on the front face and to overcome the friction of the ground on the lower plane of the console knife. The total energy costs of the interaction of the console knife with the ground volume of one cubic meter are obtained by the addition of private energy expenditures.Results. On the basis of the developed method, energy costs are calculated when introducing a console knife into the ground: to overcome the pressure of the ground on the front face of the console knife, to lift the ground, to vertical acceleration of the soil of the front bevel, to overcome the friction of the ground on the front face and to overcome the friction of the ground on the lower plane of the console knife. The total energy costs and their structure when the console knife interacts with the ground volume of one cubic meter are defined. The horizontal longitudinal force needed to move the console knife has been determined.Conclusion. The total energy needed to cut the ground with console knives is about 20 kJ/cub.m. At the same time energy costs for the interaction of console knives blades edges with soil about 7,000 J/cub.m, on the interaction of the packing console knives blades with the ground about 6,000 J/cub.m, to overcome the ground friction on the lower plane of the console knife 7, 000 J/cub.m. To determine the total energy costs of cutting the ground with buckets of the unit to remove the top layer of the soil from the underlying layer of the road, the interaction with the soil of other elements of the bucket is necessary to be analyzed.

Anomalies Detection in Fog Computing Architectures Using Deep Learning

A novel platform of dispersed streaming is developed by the fog paradigm for the applications associated with the internet of things. The sensed information’s of the IOT plat form is collected from the edge device closer to the user from the lower plane and moved to the fog in the middle of the cloud and edge and then further pushed to the cloud at the top most plane. The information’s gathered at the lower plane often holds unanticipated values that are of no use in the application. These unanticipated or the unexpected data’s are termed as anomalies. These unexpected data’s could emerge either due to the improper edge device functioning which is usually the mobile devices, sensors or the actuators or the coincidences or purposeful attacks or due to environmental changes. The anomalies are supposed to be removed to retain the efficiency of the network and the application. The deep learning frame work developed in the paper involves the hardware techniques to detect the anomalies in the fog paradigm. The experimental analysis showed that the deep learning models are highly grander compared to the rest of the basic detection structures on the terms of the accuracy in detecting, false-alarm and elasticity.

Prediction of the bedforms generated by density currents based on fluvial phase diagrams

ABSTRACT Density currents, whose movement takes place by the density difference between the flow and the ambient fluid around it, can interact with the substract generating bedforms similar to the fluvial environments. However, there are no specific bedform phase diagrams capable to predict this type of phenomenon. This study aims to compare the prediction of fluvial bedforms phase diagram with those generated by experimental saline currents. Bedforms were generated in two-dimensional tilting plexiglass flume submerged in a larger tank filled with water with three different mobile beds and varied values of discharge and salt concentration. It was observed three types of bedform (lower plane bed, ripples and dunes), which, with the concomitant calculation of hydrodynamic parameters (mean velocity, energy and mobility) allowed the use of the phase diagram. It was observed that the fluvial phase diagrams did not present good predictions for bedforms generated by density currents. This fact is associated to the hydrodynamics differences (velocity and concentration profiles) and the limitation of the dimensional parameters in the extrapolation of results. Therefore, it is indicated the need to draw up a proper phase diagram to density currents.

Heterogeneity and Onset of Instability in Darcy’s Flow With a Prescribed Horizontal Temperature Gradient

The aim of this study is the analysis of the onset conditions for the thermal instability in a fluid saturated porous medium. The investigation refers to an infinitely wide horizontal porous layer with vertical heterogeneity, such that the lower plane boundary is impermeable and thermally insulated (adiabatic). The temperature distribution on the upper plane boundary is assumed to be prescribed and linearly varying in the horizontal direction. It is shown that these boundary conditions are compatible with a buoyancy-induced parallel-flow solution such that the temperature gradient is inclined with respect to the vertical direction. The basic parallel flow is perturbed by small–amplitude roll disturbances, so that a linear analysis of the neutral stability is carried out. The local balance equations for the disturbances are solved numerically. The critical conditions for the onset of convection are determined.