Green Extraction, Characterization, Applications and Antimicrobial Analysis of Natural Dye from Phyllanthus emblica

Global consciousness towards the organic value of eco-friendly products has attracted the interest of people towards the use of naturally dyed textiles and organic mordants. The present study has been focused not only on exploring the bio-colourant activity of Phyllanthus emblica (Amala) but also on the application of natural mordant for textile dyeing and analysis of its medicinal properties. It has been discovered from the investigation that biomordants like extract of Aloe vera’s as well as extract of mango’s bark extract were able to evince their characteristic colour ameliorate behaviour close to synthetic ones. Besides, the disparity in absorbance band in ultraviolet spectroscopy, distinction in functional groups and differences in surface morphology of two extracted dyes were observed that provided information on colour variation in the cotton fabrics. An eagle gray shade and brown-hued on the cotton fabric were noticed from water and ethanol extracted dyes, respectively. Further, it is confirmed that the natural dyes contain bioactive phytochemicals like tannins, phenols and flavonoids that provide a significant antibacterial activity which will help it to be beneficially utilized in protective medical clothing.

B-mode ultrasonography and gray scale histogram for evaluation of the nuchal ligament in Quarter horse

ABSTRACT: The gray scale histogram (GSH) makes it possible to measure the amount and distribution of gray shade frequencies, providing quantitative information on both echogenicity and echotexture of tissues. There is a need to diminish the subjectivity of the ultrasound images of the nuchal ligament (NL). This work proposes to evaluate the NL by ultrasound B-mode GSH images in different ages of Quarter horses. It used 15 healthy Quarter horses, which were classified by age into three different groups: “baby” (1), “sobreano” (2) and “adult” (3). The animals were submitted to chemical restraint for the ultrasound examination. Subsequently, the GSH tool was used in each image for statistical analysis. There was a significant difference between Mean and Mode between groups. Group 1 differed significantly when compared to Group 2 and 3. Group 2 presented superior echogenicity to Group 1 and 3. The height of the NL did not vary considerably between groups. GSH indicated that the echogenicity of NL in Quarter horses varies with age.

The Dungeon Illusion

A target gray spot looks darker on a white background than on a black one: the contrast illusion. If the target is embedded in a context consisting of black spots on the white background and white spots on the black background, the effect reverses: the dungeon illusion. Whether the dungeon figure produces contrast or contrast reversal depends on which of its three parts (target, context, and background) is gray, black, or white. In some variants, the effect further depends on whether the figures are themselves surrounded by larger white and black regions, implying that even the illumination and wall color of the laboratory might be critical. Here, the various versions of the dungeon illusion are presented and explained with the help of the double-anchoring theory of lightness—that computes the gray shade of objects by “anchoring” them both to their context and to the brightest region in the scene.

Evaluation of Spectral Light Management on Growth of Container-Grown Willow Oak, Nuttall Oak and Summer Red Maple

Plant response to blue, red, gray or black shade cloth was evaluated with willow oak (Quercus phellos L.), Nuttall oak (Quercus nuttallii Palmer, Nuttall) and Summer Red maple (Acer rubrum L. ‘Summer Red’) liners. Light transmitted through the colored shade cloth had no influence on germination of willow oak acorns or height and caliper growth following germination. Tree height, trunk diameter, number of internodes, shoot and root dry weight were generally greater with the species tested when exposed to red or gray shade cloth, but were often similar to plants exposed to blue or black shade. Height increase of willow oak with red shade was similar to plants exposed to blue or gray; however, the average number of internodes was similar with oaks exposed to blue shade and 16% less with oaks exposed to gray shade. Summer Red maples exposed to black, blue or red shade cloth were similar in height, though plants with blue shade had 23% less dry weight. Nuttall oaks exposed to gray shade had the greatest height increase while the plants exposed to red shade had the largest trunk diameter. The growth parameters measured showed some increases with exposure to colored shade, but the morphology of the species tested was not significantly altered to recommend the use of colored shade during production.

Microcomputer-Based Image-Processing System

Inexpensive add-on boards are currently available that enable personal computers to be used as digital image-processing systems. The capabilities of one such system are illustrated by two specific cases examining the surface characterization of a sea-ice cover and the statistical description of sea-ice structure. The unit discussed digitizes video input into a 512 × 512 array of pixels, assigning each a gray shade from 0 to 255. A key feature of the system is that the primitive commands of the board can be accessed through higher-level programming languages. This allows users to customize easily the system for their own needs.

Microcomputer-Based Image-Processing System

Inexpensive add-on boards are currently available that enable personal computers to be used as digital image-processing systems. The capabilities of one such system are illustrated by two specific cases examining the surface characterization of a sea-ice cover and the statistical description of sea-ice structure. The unit discussed digitizes video input into a 512 × 512 array of pixels, assigning each a gray shade from 0 to 255. A key feature of the system is that the primitive commands of the board can be accessed through higher-level programming languages. This allows users to customize easily the system for their own needs.

Evoked Potential Correlates of Display Image Quality

The electrical activity generated in the human brain following sensory stimulation can be recorded as voltage differences between electrodes attached to the scalp. These voltage differences are referred to as evoked potentials, and they offer a unique, yet objective, means of assessing visual function. As such, they may link subjective judgments concerning the apparent quality of displayed information with more quantitative measures of perception that are obtained from psychophysical investigations. This report describes the changes in evoked potential amplitude which are exhibited in response to variations in two display system parameters, horizontal resolution and gray shade level. Suggestions are made with respect to future research of this nature.

Better Utilization of SAR Dynamic Range

Three general classes of image enhancement techniques for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) video were investigated through non-real-time computer simulation. The general categories were 1) monochromatic adaptive gray shade transformations, 2) pseudocolor encoding, and 3) feature analytic methods. The class of feature analytic techniques was found to have the greatest potential for improving the operational utility of SAR imagery.