Mining the Literature: Assessing the Science of Milk Fat Globule Membrane and Its Components Utilizing Comprehensive Literature Search Techniques

Objectives Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is the component of milk responsible for fat delivery. MFGM is a single component but contains a variety of glycosylated proteins and lipids that influence health. The objective herein is to highlight the breadth of research surrounding MFGM and its individual components. Methods Searches on MFGM and its components (individual proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates) were conducted August 2019 in Embase. For the ‘MFGM’ search we added specific exclusion terms to focus results around nutrition. The individual components were searched for in combination with ‘{AND} Milk’. Downloaded publications were loaded into R (version 3.6.1) for merging, filtering and categorization. MFGM and individual component searches were combined into one data frame while ensuring no duplicates. Once searches were merged, publication abstracts and titles were searched for keywords associated with study type (Clinical, Preclinical or Analytical) and functional benefit area. Finally, pediatric intervention trials were identified and summarized. Results Over 2150 scientific journal articles have been published on the topic of MFGM and its components since 1950. This includes analytical research characterizing MFGM structure and components, preclinical publications demonstrating mechanisms of action as well as human intervention trials. Within the Clinical and Preclinical studies, 1169 papers were categorized with Brain (36%), Gut (30%) or Immune (3%) as the predominant benefit area. Within pediatric intervention trials, over 1800 infants have been studied, with interventions lasting up to 12 months for a combined study intervention period of at least 424 weeks and follow-up measures taken up to 6 years following study initiation. Conclusions The growing body of literature on MFGM reflects the importance of this naturally occurring compound with multiple health benefits. Funding Sources All of the authors are employed by RB.

Iatrogenic diaphragmatic hernia in an infant following cardiac surgery: the culprit in a case of unresolved respiratory distress: Case report and review of the literature

Acquired diaphragmatic hernia is a rare complication of pediatric intervention or surgery. In this study, we report an infant with iatrogenic diaphragmatic hernia following neonatal complex congenital cardiac surgery, and then we review the associated literature.

Does the small fit them all? The utility of Disabkids-10 Index for the assessment of pediatric health-related quality of life across age-groups, genders, and informants

The objective of this study was twofold: First, to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis of the Portuguese versions of Disabkids-10; and second, to examine potential differences in factor structures between age-groups, genders, and informants. The sample included 293 school-aged children and adolescents with chronic health conditions and 197 parents. Both family members (whenever possible) completed the self- and proxy-report versions of Disabkids-10. The factorial model of Disabkids-10 had good fit for self-reported data and minimally acceptable fit for proxy-reported data. The multigroup analyses confirmed the model invariance across age-groups (children vs. adolescents), genders (boys vs. girls), and informants (children vs. parents). The generic developmental applicability of these questionnaires makes them recommended for health care routine assessments on pediatric intervention needs and outcomes.