Automation system spraying desinfectant at Universitas Musamus

During the pandemic the learning process was conducted online and partly done face-to-face so that every day there are still students and employees who are in the campus environment. One of the prevention of covid transmission is done by spraying disinfectant when passing through the front gate of the campus. A design a prototype of an automatic disinfectant spray system and build a system on the prototype that can provide real time information related to monitoring the contents of the disinfectant tank by designing hardware. The results of the research built a disinfectant spraying automation system in front of the entrance gate of Universitas Musamus, to get results that prove that the system performance has been running as expected, there are several tests carried out such as tool testing and measuring the reading distance of the ultrasonic proximity sensor, and testing. sending SMS alert. How to provide information that the liquid in the tank has run out. Sensor sends a status signal for the disinfectant liquid level after spraying, a warning SMS is sent went the distance of disinfectant liquid and the ultrasonic sensor at a predetermined threshold.

The influence of social-grouping on territorial defense behavior in the black-crested titmouse (Baeolophus atricristatus)

Status signals have evolved for individuals to avoid energetic and physical costs of resource defense. These signals reflect an individual’s competitive ability and therefore influence competitors’ decisions on how to invest in a fight. We hypothesized that the response of receivers to status signals will depend on the social context. During territorial defense, group members may provide support to a territory owner by participating in defense. We investigated whether the presence of juveniles—who group together with territorial males—alters the territorial male’s attack decisions and level of aggression in the black-crested titmouse (Baeolophus atricristatus). Crest-length in this species functions as status signal. We simultaneously presented two taxidermic male models in a territory: one with an unmanipulated crest and one with a modified shortened crest. Models were presented to males that had resident juveniles cohabiting on their territory, and to males without juveniles. During intrusions, juveniles actively defended against the simulated intruders by approaching and sometimes attacking. The presence of juveniles affected how territorial males responded to the status signals of the intruders: when juveniles were present, males were more likely to first attack the model with the unmanipulated crest (i.e., longer, and more threatening), compared to males residing without juveniles. This suggests that juvenile support alters the risk-taking decision of the territorial male. To our knowledge, this is the first indication that behavioral responses to a status signal depends on the presence of supportive group members. Significance statement Status signals can indicate relative quality of animals and can therefore be used to evaluate a competitor when deciding whether or not to fight over resources. The black-crested titmouse has been shown to use its crest length as a status signal during fights over food. In our study, we assessed if this status signal is also used in territorial defense, by conducting an experiment where we presented two taxidermic male models with different crest sizes to a territorial male. We also investigated whether juvenile presence influenced which model was attacked. In trials where juveniles were present, territorial males attacked the longer crested model significantly more often than in trials where territorial males were alone. This suggests that the presence of juveniles, which help the male defend the territory, allows the male to attack the more aggressive-appearing intruder.

Sperm Morphology and Male Age in Black-Throated Blue Warblers, an Ecological Model System

Extra-pair paternity may drive selection on spermatozoa and ejaculate characteristics through sperm competition and cryptic female choice. Here, we examine sperm morphology in the black-throated blue warbler (Setophaga caerulescens), an ecological model species where extra-pair paternity is frequent and is linked with male age. We test whether sperm morphology relates to several aspects of male phenotype known or suspected to affect extra-pair paternity success. Sperm morphology did not correlate with the size of the white wing spot, a social status signal, nor with the volume of the cloacal protuberance. However, older males tended to have longer sperm cells. Although the sample size was limited, this pattern is intriguing, as longer cells may be advantageous in post-copulatory sexual selection and older males have larger testes and higher extra-pair paternity success in this species. Changes in sperm morphology with age are not observed in other birds, though they have been observed in insects and fishes. More research on sperm morphology is needed to clarify its role in extra-pair fertilizations in this well-studied species.

Development of Automatic CAN Gateway Test System

In order to solve the problem of hardship and complexity in manual vehicle gateway tests, an Automatic CAN Gateway Test System was developed. The test system integrated IPC, CAN tools and network control module. It supports 2-4 channels gateways, and it also supports complex gateways with signal routing, network status management and other complicated functions. When the test is executed, the text system can simulate all the nodes which are required for DUT in normal communication to construct realistic bus environment. It can also construct relevant message status, signal status and network status to execute tests. The system, which is highly automatic, improves the accuracy and efficiency of CAN gateway test.

The Development about Multifunction Merging Unit Used in Smart Substation

The merging unit is used to realize the digitalization and sharing of the data of process and is widely used with the electronic voltage transformer (EVT) and electronic current transformer (ECT). As the construction of smart substation which is presented by the state grid company of china, a serial new requirements and needs about the merging unit are proposed and the merging unit which only sends the sampling value can not meet it. The new demands of the smart substation are analyzed, The design of hardware and the implement of the function are presented. The multifunction which including the model of sampling, the data catenation, the acquisition of status signal through GOOSE , the voltage parallel and switching and the synchronization of device are analyzed in detailed. At the end, the function of intelligent diagnosis and debug is introduced. The device has been used in the project of smart substation and takes good effect.

Manipulating the appearance of a badge of status causes changes in true badge expression

Signals of dominance and fighting ability (i.e. status signals) are found in a wide range of taxa and are used to settle disputes between competitive rivals. Most previous research has considered status-signal phenotype as an attribute of the individual; however, it is more likely that signal expression is an emergent property that also incorporates aspects of the social environment. Furthermore, because an individual's signal phenotype is likely to influence its social interactions, the relationships between status signals, social environment and individual quality are probably much more complex than previously appreciated. Here, we explore the dynamic relationship between social interactions and signal expression in a previously undescribed status signal, the frontal shield of the pukeko ( Porphyrio porphyrio melanotus : Aves). We demonstrate that frontal shield size is a strong predictor of dominance status within social groups, even after controlling for potentially confounding variables. Then, we evaluate the relationship between social interactions and signal expression by testing whether manipulating apparent shield size influences (i) dominance interactions and (ii) future signal expression. By showing that decreasing apparent shield size causes both an increase in the amount of aggression received and a decrease in an individual's true shield size, we provide the first evidence of dynamic feedback between signal expression and social interactions. Our study provides important insight into the role of receiver-dependent (i.e. social) costs in maintaining signal honesty and demonstrates a unique approach to studying status signalling applicable to future studies on dynamic morphological signals.