Chin and Malar Augmentation

Facial attractiveness relies on a balance between the nose, cheekbones, and chin. An increasingly visual world with social media, teleconferencing, and online interactions heighten the demand for procedures that deliver facial harmony. Aesthetic facial augmentation changes the facial shape, establishes a more youthful appearance, and de-emphasizes unpleasant facial prominences, ultimately elevating one’s confidence. Facial implants provide a long-term solution to creating facial harmony and can be combined with other facial rejuvenation procedures at low morbidity. After studying this article, the participant should be able to understand the principles and practice of facial implant surgery, with particular attention to implants of the chin and midface. This review contains 9 figures, 6 tables and 32 references Keywords: aesthetic surgery, aging face, biomaterial, chin, facial analysis, facial augmentation, facial implant, facial rejuvenation, injectable filler, midface

Premaxillary Deficiency: Techniques in Augmentation and Reconstruction

Progressive premaxillary retrusion is a common sequela of the facial aging process. In most cases, this manifests with central maxillary recession. Central maxillary insufficiency is also commonly encountered within certain ethnic communities, or in cleft lip nasal deformity, and may represent a challenge for the plastic and reconstructive surgeon attempting correction in the setting of facial contouring, rhinoplasty, or reconstruction following oncologic resection or trauma. Aesthetically, premaxillary retrusion may be coincident with an acute nasolabial angle and ptotic nasal tip. Minor deformities may be addressed with use of either alloplastic implants, autogenous tissue, lipotransfer, or injectable filler. Larger composite defects may require reconstruction with implementation of free tissue transfer. Herein, we describe techniques that aim to augment, or reconstruct, the premaxillary region in the context of nasal deformity, osseous resorption, or composite maxillofacial defects.