MORPHOMETRIC PATTERNS OF MAXILLAR Y APICAL BASE VARIABILITY IN PEOPLE WITH VARIOUS DENTAL ARCHES AT PHYSIOLOGICAL OCCLUSION

Morphometric data on the structure of the craniofacial complex are reliable and diagnostically significant values that are of applied nature in terms of practical dentistry. Within this study, analysis of conebeam computed tomograms, biometric indicators of plaster models obtained from the jaws of 83 people (aged 21–35) with physiological occlusion and various types of dental, gnathic dental arches, the degree of proportion between the maxillary apical base and the inter-canine distance were identified. Depending on the dental arch type, the patients were divided into three groups. The morphometric study in the CBCT frontal plane was the distance between the canines tearing tubercles and the inter-canine distance in the apical area. The study outcomes revealed discrepancies between the calculated and actual indicators of the apical base width for all types of dental arches in people with physiological occlusion. In case of mesotrusive dental arches (incisional angle — 127–143°), the width of the apical base corresponded to the width of the dental arches between the canines, while the differences in indicators were not statistically significant. In people with retrusive dental arches (incisional angle exceeding 144°), the width of the dental arch was found to be significantly above the width of the apical bases. As far as protrusive dental arches are concerned (incisional angle below 126°), these patients featured predominance of the apical bases width over the inter-canine distance. The obtained data add to that already available in research literature regarding the relationships and dimensional features pertaining to the craniofacial complex structures, as well as have applied value in orthodontic clinical practice

Is there a relationship between dental crowding and the size of the maxillary or mandibular apical base?

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine whether apical base size is related to dental crowding. Materials and Methods: Digital scans of dental casts were taken of 75 untreated Class I adults to measure maxillary and mandibular tooth size, dental arch perimeters, intermolar widths, and intercanine widths. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were used to measure the apical base of the maxilla and mandible, including the total cross-sectional area, five basal arch perimeters and five basal arch widths. Principal components factor analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships between the apical base size and tooth-size-arch-length discrepancies (TSALD). Results: The dental arch and maxillary apical base measures were significantly larger in males than females. There were only limited sex differences in mandibular apical base size. The dental arch measurements were smaller in subjects with greater upper and lower TSALD. Maxillary and mandibular apical base dimensions were positively interrelated. Low-to-moderate correlations were found between the size of the maxillary apical base and TSALD. The size of the mandibular apical base was not related to upper or lower TSALD. Tooth size showed little to no relationship with TSALD. Conclusions: Although maxillary apical base size is related to maxillary and mandibular crowding in subjects with Class I malocclusion, mandibular apical base size is not.

Howes’ Analysis Measurement of Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Maranatha Bandung Patients

Howes’ Analysis is an important tool in orthodontic treatment,as it can analyze abnormalities of teeth and jaw, to help diagnose and plan dental care. The aim of this study was to compare the length and width of the dental arch and the the apical base patients of Maranatha Dental and Mouth Hospital (Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Maranatha) / RSGM and Howes Analysis standard of Caucasian Race which considered to be the reference in determining of orthodontic treatment plan. The subjects consisted of 30 patients who met the inclusion criteria and the results data were analyzed by unpaired t test. The measured variable is the length of the dental arch, the width of the dental arch, and the width of the apical base, and calculated into Howes’ Index. The results showed that there were significant differences in the measurement of the length and width of the dental arch and the Howes Index; whereas the measurement of the apical base there was no significant difference between the results of the study and the reference of Caucasian Race. Conclusion, the length and width of the dental arch and the Howes’ Index did not differ between RSGM Bandung patients with Caucasian race standards whereas the apical base width was different.Keywords: Caucasian people, Howes’ analysis, Howes’ index, Maranatha Dental and Mouth Hospital Bandung

Changes in apical base sagittal relationship in Class II malocclusion treatment with and without premolar extractions: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the changes in apical base sagittal relationship in Class II treatment with and without premolar extractions. Materials and Methods: Controlled studies evaluating ANB angle changes after Class II Division 1 malocclusion treatment with or without premolar extractions were considered. Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, Lilacs, and Google Scholar) without limitations regarding publication year or language were searched. Risk of bias was assessed with Risk Of Bias in Non-randomized Studies—of Interventions tool of the Cochrane Collaboration. Mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated from the random-effects meta-analysis. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed. Results: Twenty-five studies satisfied the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Eleven nonextraction and only one extraction Class II treatment studies presented untreated Class II control group. Therefore, meta-analysis was performed only for the nonextraction protocol. In treated Class II nonextraction patients, the average of the various effects was a reduction in the ANB angle of 1.56° (95% CI: 1.03, 2.09, P < .001) compared with untreated Class II subjects. Class II malocclusions treated with two maxillary-premolar extractions and four-premolar extractions produced estimated mean reductions in ANB of −1.88° and −2.55°, respectively. However, there is a lack of low-risk-of-bias studies. Conclusions: According to the existing low quality evidence, the apical base sagittal relationship in nonextraction, two-maxillary and four-premolar extractions Class II treatments decreases −1.56°, 1.88° and 2.55°, respectively. Further studies are necessary to obtain more robust information.

Identification of an Alternate Maxillary Apical Base Landmark from Pre-existing Substitution given by Different Authors

Introduction: It is often difficult to locate Point A in a lateral cephalogram due to operational errors. Faulty identification of PointA can lead to erroneous measurement and faulty diagnosis.Objective: To identify nearest alternative maxillary apical base landmark for Point A substitutions given by different authors.Materials & Method: A cross sectional study was conducted on thirty good quality lateral cephalograms, which were appraisedfor skeletal Class I with the help of parameters angle ANB, WITS appraisal and Beta angle. Only those lateral cephalogramswere selected where Point A was easily identified. Landmarks: Sella (S), Nasion (N), Point A and three substitution points Y, L, Xwere traced. Angles formed by SN with Point A (Angle SNA) and three substitution points (Angle SNY, SNX, SNL) were measured.Correlation of angle SNA with angles SNY, SNX and SNL were derived.Result: A mean value of 82.8o ±1.9o, 83.1o ±1.8o, 78.3o ±2.9o and 78.7o ±2.7o for Angle’s SNA, SNY, SNL and SNX respectivelywas observed. A statistically significant correlation was observed between angles SNA and SNY, SNL, SNX; and strong positivecorrelation was observed with angle SNY.Conclusion: Point Y is the most nearing maxillary apical base landmark to Point A. Hence maxillary apical base landmark canbe substituted by Point Y where identification of point A is not obvious.

Early detection possibilities of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome

Introduction. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) syndrome represents a significant medical problem due to numerous consequences that may follow it. Objective. The aim of the study was to analyze morphology of the maxilla in children with mouth breathing, and to assess possible characteristics in persons with marked clinical features of OSA. Methods. The sample comprised of 60 examinees aged from 8-10 years, all mouth-breathers. The following X-ray cephalometric parameters were measured: angle of maxillary pragmatism, cranial base angle, angle between the palatal plane and the anterior cranial base, maxillary length, distance from the most prominent labial surface of the maxillary central incisor to NA line, angle between the axis of the upper maxillary incisor and NA line. Following parameters were obtained from the casts: anterior and posterior width of the maxillary arch, height of the maxillary arch, index of the palatal height, as well as the apical base length. Assessed values were then compared to the corresponding norms. Results. Compared to the corresponding norms, statistically significant lower values were determined for the following parameters of the sample: SpP/SN, AW, PW, AB. Conclusion. Analysis of the morphological characteristics of the maxilla in mouth breathing children showed characteristics also present in persons with marked clinical features of OSA syndrome, such as a narrow maxilla, insufficient apical base length, as well as the reduced angle of the palatal plane angle to the anterior cranial base. All these suggest a possible increased risk of developing OSA syndrome in children?s later age.