Ideals and Bosbach States on Residuated Lattices

In random experiments, the fact that the sets of events has a structure of a Boolean algebra, i.e. it follows the rules of classical logic, is the main hypothesis of classical probability theory. Bosbach states have been introduced on commutative and non-commutative algebras of fuzzy logics as a way of probabilistically evaluating the formulas. In this paper, we focus on the relationship between some properties of ideals and Bosbach states in the framework of commutative residuated lattices. In particular, we introduce the concept of co-kernel of a Bosbach state which is an ideal and we establish the relationship between the notion of co-kernel and the kernel. Moreover, we define and characterize maximal ideals and maximal MV-ideals in residuated lattices.

The existence of states on EQ-algebras

Inspired by the open problems “How to define the notions of fantastic filters and states in EQ-algebras” in [LIU, L. Z.—ZHANG, X. Y.: Implicative and positive implicative prefilters of EQ-algebras, J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst. 26 (2014), 2087–2097], we introduce the notions of fantastic filters and investigate the existence of Bosbach states and Riečan states on EQ-algebras by use of fantastic filters. Firstly, we prove that a residuated EQ-algebra has a Bosbach state if and only if it has a fantastic filter. We also establish that a good EQ-algebra has a state-morphism if and only if it has a prime fantastic filter. Furthermore, we introduce the notion of QI-EQ-algebras and obtain the necessary and sufficient condition for a residuated QI-EQ-algebra having Riečan states. Finally, we introduce the notion of semi-divisible EQ-algebras and give an example of a semi-divisible residuated EQ-algebra, which is not a semi-divisible residuated lattice. We also prove that every semi-divisible residuated EQ-algebra admits Riečan states. These works generalize a series of existing results about existence of states in several algebras, such as residuated lattices, NM-algebras, MTL-algebras, BL-algebras and so on.

States on Pseudo-BCI Algebras

In this paper, we discuss the structure of pseudo-BCI algebras and get that any pseudo-BCI algebra is a union of it's branches. We introduce the notion of local bounded pseudo-BCI algebras and study some related properties. Moreover we define two operations $\wedge_1$, $\wedge_2$ in a local bounded pseudo-BCI algebra $A$ and two local operations $\vee_1$ and $\vee_2$ in $V(a)$ for $a\in M(A)$. We show that in a local $\wedge_1$($\wedge_2$)-commutative local bounded pseudo-BCI algebra $A$, $(V(A),\wedge_1,\vee_1)$($(V(A),\wedge_2,\vee_2)$) forms a lattice for all $a\in M(a)$. We define a Bosbach state on a local bounded pseudo-BCI algebra. Then we give two examples of local bounded pseudo-BCI algebras to show that there is local bounded pseudo-BCI algebras having a Bosbach state but there is some one having no Bosbach states. Moreover we discuss some basic properties about Bosbach states. If $s$ is a Bosbach state of a local bounded pseudo-BCI algebra $A$, we prove that $A/ker(s)$ is equivalent to an MV-algebra. We also introduce the notion of state-morphisms on local bounded pseudo-BCI algebras and discuss the relations between Bosbach states and state-morphisms. Finally we give some characterization of Bosbach states.

States and Measures on Hyper BCK-Algebras

We define the notions of Bosbach states and inf-Bosbach states on a bounded hyper BCK-algebra(H,∘,0,e)and derive some basic properties of them. We construct a quotient hyper BCK-algebra via a regular congruence relation. We also define a∘-compatibledregular congruence relationθand aθ-compatibledinf-Bosbach stateson(H,∘,0,e). By inducing an inf-Bosbach states^on the quotient structureH/[0]θ, we show thatH/[0]θis a bounded commutative BCK-algebra which is categorically equivalent to an MV-algebra. In addition, we introduce the notions of hyper measures (states/measure morphisms/state morphisms) on hyper BCK-algebras, and present a relation between hyper state-morphisms and Bosbach states. Then we construct a quotient hyper BCK-algebraH/Ker(m)by a reflexive hyper BCK-idealKer(m). Further, we prove thatH/Ker(m)is a bounded commutative BCK-algebra.