Urethral responses to sacral stimulation in chronic spinal dog

Urethral activity was investigated in the awake chronic spinal-injured canine using urodynamic recordings, video cystofluoroscopy, and urethral pressure recordings without anesthesia. Bladder contractions and voiding were induced by electrical stimulation with epidural electrodes inserted into the sacral canal. Urethral pressure remained elevated during stimulation and for 1-3 s afterward. Poststimulation voiding occurred with three different patterns: 1) pulsatile voiding in which squirting of urine was associated with contractions in the membranous urethra; 2) "on and off" voiding in which pulsatile flow was interrupted for brief periods of time; and 3) steady-stream voiding in which nonpulsatile flow was followed by pulsatile flow. Viewing these voiding patterns with fluoroscopy indicated that the proximal membranous urethra was important in all of the patterns. We conclude that in the chronic spinal-injured canine the skeletal muscle within the membranous urethra (rhabdosphincter) is involved in responses to sacral stimulation and various voiding patterns.