Actin-related protein 5 functions as a novel modulator of MyoD and MyoG in skeletal muscle and in rhabdomyosarcoma

Myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) are pivotal transcription factors in myogenic differentiation. MyoD commits cells to the skeletal muscle lineage by inducing myogenic genes through recruitment of chromatin remodelers to its target loci. This study showed that Actin-related protein 5 (Arp5) acts as an inhibitory regulator of MyoD and MyoG by binding to their cysteine-rich (CR) region, which overlaps with the region essential for their epigenetic functions. Arp5 expression was faint in skeletal muscle tissues. Excessive Arp5 in mouse hind limbs caused skeletal muscle fiber atrophy. Further, Arp5 overexpression in myoblasts inhibited myotube formation by diminishing myogenic gene expression, whereas Arp5 depletion augmented myogenic gene expression. Arp5 disturbed MyoD-mediated chromatin remodeling through competition with the three-amino-acid-loop-extension-class homeodomain transcription factors the Pbx1–Meis1 heterodimer for binding to the CR region. This antimyogenic function was independent of the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex, although Arp5 is an important component of that. In rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cells, Arp5 expression was significantly higher than in normal myoblasts and skeletal muscle tissue, probably contributing to MyoD and MyoG activity dysregulation. Arp5 depletion in RMS partially restored myogenic properties while inhibiting tumorigenic properties. Thus, Arp5 is a novel modulator of MRFs in skeletal muscle differentiation.

A CONSTRUCTION OF SURFACES WITH LARGE HIGHER CHOW GROUPS

In this paper, we construct surfaces in $\mathbf{P}^{3}$ with large higher Chow groups defined over a Laurent power series field. Explicit elements in higher Chow group are constructed using configurations of lines contained in the surfaces. To prove the independentness, we compute the extension class in the Galois cohomologies by comparing them with the classical monodromies. It is reduced to the computation of linear algebra using monodromy weight spectral sequences.

The extension class and KMS states for Cuntz–Pimsner algebras of some bi-Hilbertian bimodules

For bi-Hilbertian [Formula: see text]-bimodules, in the sense of Kajiwara–Pinzari–Watatani, we construct a Kasparov module representing the extension class defining the Cuntz–Pimsner algebra. The construction utilises a singular expectation which is defined using the [Formula: see text]-module version of the Jones index for bi-Hilbertian bimodules. The Jones index data also determines a novel quasi-free dynamics and KMS states on these Cuntz–Pimsner algebras.

Style Design System Based on High-Quality Aesthetic Shapes to Support Designer’s Creative Activity

Class A shapes are used as an aesthetic standard mainly in automotive industry. Those used in products’ exterior are closely related to products’ values. Class A shapes have two geometric conditions: The surface has enough geometrical continuity, and smooth and continuous highlight lines. In our previous study, we developed a Class A curve generating method and style design system. Using this system, an user can create a model with several Class A curves. Then, we created a model by this system to evaluate the proposed method. Although we can create an aesthetic shape using this system, some shapes were not good in curvature variation. There is reason why some generated curves didn’t produce Class A shapes. In this study, we investigate more detailed conditions of Class A curve, and improve the Class A shape generating method using Class A curve. In our new method, we extend the range of Class A conditions. By this extension, Class A shape can be generated more efficiently than the previous method. Then, we create a model using this method in order to evaluate the surface quality, and discuss the effectiveness of our system.