Incidence of Infection and Mortality in Surgeries of Sports Injuries during COVID-19 Pandemic at GTTH, ahore, Pakistan

Aim: To find out if there was a negative impact or consequence of performing surgeries related to sports injuries during COVID-19 period when most of the hospital services were suspended all over the globe. Study design: Prospective study Place and duration of study: Department Orthopaedic and Spine, Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore from 19thMarch 2020 to 6thAugust 2020. Methodology: Seventy patients with sports injuries were enrolled. The history and thorough clinical examination, X-rays and CBC along with other relevant investigations were recorded. The patients were discharged in 24 to 74 hours period intervals and all the necessary SOPs regarding COVID-19 were strictly followed. Results: None of the patients who underwent procedure developed infection or acquired coronavirus illness after discharge from the hospital or during follow-ups in OPD. Conclusion: The surgeries performed during COVID-19 did not result in wound infection or patient-related mortality. Keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), Arthroscopy, COVID-19, Pandemic, Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), Sports injuries, Infection, World Health Organization (WHO)

Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Anatomy and Biomechanics

The Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a unique structure and one of the most important ligaments for knee stability, serving as primary restriction for the anterior tibial translation on the femur and secondary restriction to the knee external and internal rotation that is not sustaining weight. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the anatomy and biomechanics of anterior cruciate ligament as well as demonstrate the importance of the anterior cruciate ligament in the stability of the tibial-femoral joint. Literature review was performed using the data bases Scielo, Pubmed and Lilacs having as descriptors: "Anterior Cruciate Ligament", "LCA", "Anatomy" and "biomechanics" from the year 2008 to 2018. The LCA stability for the femorotibial joint and realization of the movement amplitude are in the ability of the anteromedial and posterolateral bands of the same in absorbing the entire load and traction of the joint when in antagonistic movements of the knee flexion and extension, favoring the stability of the tibial-femoral joint. Keywords: Anterior Cruciate Ligament. Anatomy. Knee. Resumo O Ligamento Cruzado Anterior (LCA) é uma estrutura única e um dos mais importantes ligamentos para a estabilidade do joelho, servindo como restrição primária para a translação anterior da tíbia relativa ao fêmur e restrição secundária à rotação externa e interna do joelho que não está sustentando peso. Este estudo teve como objetivo demonstrar a anatomia e a biomecânica do ligamento cruzado anterior bem como demonstrar a importância do ligamento cruzado anterior na estabilidade da articulação tíbio-femoral. Foi realizado revisão da literatura usando as bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs e Pubmed tendo como descritores: “Ligamento Cruzado Anterior”, “LCA”, “Anatomia” e “biomecânica” a partir do ano de 2008 a 2018. A estabilidade do LCA para a articulação femorotibial e realização da amplitude de movimento estão na capacidade das bandas ântero-medial e póstero-lateral do mesmo em absorver toda a carga e tração da articulação quando em movimentos antagônicos de extensão e flexão do joelho, favorecendo na estabilidade da articulação tíbio-femoral. Palavras-chave: Ligamento Cruzado Anterior. Anatomia. Joelho.