Academic independence, freedom and ‘enlightenment’: The case of accounting research

This article examines the problem of academic freedom in a rather unlikely area: accounting and historical accounting research. It discusses some cases in the United States and the United Kingdom where accounting research led to controversy and tells the story of a PhD student (the author) sued for libel in 1986 for his research concerning a policy issue, the subject of public debate, and related to conflicts of interest for directors of a mutual organization (a building society) and their use of its funds. It shows how ‘managerial diversion’ was discovered, how the libel suit was successfully defended and how the law was changed. While academic independence issues have always existed and across disciplines, the case and discussion largely relate to the 1980s in the United Kingdom when universities suffered savage cutbacks in public funding and the imposition of ‘reforms’. The case study illustrates, and the article discusses these issues as they relate to the state of modern universities and the pressures on academics.

Manajemen Kelembagaan dan Akademik Lembaga Pendidikan Maarif Nahdlatul Ulama Kota Samarinda Kalimantan Timur

TheEducational Management and Academic Of Ma’arif Nahdlatul Ulama in Samarinda, East Kalimantan, is to coming up a moeslem organization in the educational prospective and progressive mutual organization and education to come up image of Nahdlatul Ulama as the biggest moeslem organization in Indonesia.The objective of this research was to identificate the Educational management and Academic quality and to doctrine the religious values to the basic Ma’arif Nahdlatul UlamaInstitute in Samarinda, East Kalimantan. This research also designed to get the object datas from the three Islamic Elementry schools which organized by Ma’arif Nahdlatul Ulama Samarinda through many kind ways they are; (1) Interviews Elementry head masters and their commitees, (2) pictures, (3) school’s data or documents.The purpose of data collection wants to understand the Moslem Elementry School of Ma’arif Nahdlatul Ulama conditions in the some areas in Samarinda in order to know what are the weakness and lack of Ma’arif NU. The result of dataanalysis indicated three of Moslem Elementry School Ma’arif NU thoselocated in Samarinda city, they are MI 01 in Palaran, MI.02 Sindang Sari, MI 03 Jln. Rukun Samarinda Seberang, they still run in slowly.The researcher’s summary in this research those, from three of Madrasah Ibtidaiyyah of Educational Institute Ma’arif NU still need high supports from everyone, from moeslem who love education progressive now and the future.

Treating autism with communication

The theme is the specifics of mental dysontogenesis in autism which is linked to disruption in the development of affectiv¬ity, which normally defines active relationships of a child with people and environment in general. It is shown that one condition of psychological support for an autistic child is working towards normalizing their affective development, an emotional/notional approach is suggested, directed towards solving this task. Resource is sought in establishing emotional contact and interaction with the child and entraining them in cohabitation and comprehension of their surroundings. During developmental communication the child’s endurance in contacts grows, interest forms successively, the mutual organization of the child’s life experience happens, which gives them greater freedom and constructivity.

Marketing the Message: The Making of the Market for Life Insurance in Australia, 1850–1940

During the late nineteenth century, sales of life insurance products in Australia increased at a rapid rate. An investigation of the way in which life insurance products were targeted to the consumers provides insights not only into the marketing approaches, but also the changing nature of the mutual organization. This article uses a “stages” approach to analyze the evolution of the marketing message. The experience of Australian mutual insurers suggests that marketing strategies, as with other types of organizational skills, evolve in response to both the prevailing business environment and the ability of the firm to acquire and implement new knowledge and ways of conducting business.

Covalent phthalocyanine-fullerene dyads: synthesis, electron transfer in solutions and molecular films

Phthalocyanine-fullerene dyads have being under intensive development and investigation during past decade. Strong absorption of the phthalocyanine chromophore in the red part of the spectrum and ability of the dyad to perform efficient photoinduced charge transfer in non-polar media make them particularly attractive for organic optoelectronic applications. This microreview will focus on covalently linked phthalocyanine-fullerene conjugates in solutions and solid nanostructures. The covalent bonding enables sufficient degree of control over mutual organization of the donor and acceptor parts, and makes possible to investigate the relationships between molecular structure and functioning of single molecules and molecular assemblies.