Influence of the relative insulin deficiency of the mother on the functional state of the central nervous system of the fetus in the third trimester of pregnancy

85 women from the 28-th to the 40-th week of pregnancy were examined.Nineteen women with impaired glucose tolerance in the third trimester of pregnancy formed the control group. Forty women had gestational diabetes and 26 insulin independent diabetes. The data reveal negative influence of relative insulin insufficiency in expectant mothers on formation of the central neural system of the fetus that is displayed in shortening or even absence of quiet state phase, prolongation of the intermediate state, decrease of motor-cardiac reflex. The intensity of these disturbances depends upon the diabetes type and the rate ofits compensation.

Phytochemicals and Their Possible Mechanisms in Managing COVID-19 and Diabetes

For the writing of this manuscript, we searched information published from 2000 to 2021, through PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, and Science Direct. Focusing on the effects related to respiratory diseases, in addition to possible direct effects towards SARS-CoV-2, coupled with diabetes. Diabetes is a metabolic disease that is characterized by affecting the function of glucose, in addition to insulin insufficiency. This leads to patients with such pathologies as being at greater risk for developing multiple complications and increase exposure to viruses infections. This is the case of severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 19 (SARS-CoV-2), which gave rise to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), declared an international public health emergency in March of 2020 Currently, several strategies have been applied in order to prevent the majority of the consequences of COVID-19, especially in patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes. Among the possible treatment options, we found that the use of phytochemical compounds has exhibited beneficial effects for the prevention and inhibition of infection by SARS-CoV-2, as well as for the improvement of the manifestations of diabetes.

Oral manifestations of diabetes mellitus. Case report

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a violation of carbohydrate metabolism caused by insulin resistance and relative insulin insufficiency or a violation of insulin secretion with or without insulin resistance. The number of people with diabetes increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that by 2030 this number will increase to 439 million, which is almost 10% of the adult population. A dentist is often the first to encounter manifestations of diabetes mellitus in the oral cavity, such as caries, candidiasis, dryness, inflammatory periodontal diseases, etc. Therefore, timely diagnosis and close interaction of doctors of different specialties is crucial for the treatment of this disease.

CEGAH AMPUTASI DENGAN PENATALAKSANAAN DIABETES MELITUS DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

Background : Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an insulin insufficiency disorder caused by disruption of insulin products by Langerhans beta cells or the body's cells are less responsive to insulin. Covid-19 attacks all ages, especially those who have chronic diseases (co-morbid) have a more frequent risk of getting it with bad complications from this disease. Physical exercise (Diabetes leg exercises) is one of the pillars in the management of DM, which functions to improve insulin sensitivity and maintain body fitness during the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal of this community service is to prevent amputation by managing diabetes mellitus. Method : This community service method refers to action research with the formation of a DM prolanis group at the MERCUBAKTIJAYA clinic in Padang, socialization and education related to the management of diabetes mellitus, as well as monitoring and evaluation that have been carried out in collaboration with the MERCUBAKTIJAYA clinic in Padang as a follow-up to this activity. Result: 90% of the participants were enthusiastic about the activity and were able to re-practice the material presented.

New onset of diabetes after transplant

New onset of diabetes after transplant (NODAT) is the development of diabetes post-transplant secondary to both insulin resistance and insulin insufficiency, which can be exacerbated by immunosuppressant medication. This article discusses the diagnosis of NODAT, as well as the available ways of managing this condition

Differential associations between plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose and intestinal expression of key genes involved in chylomicron metabolism

The mechanisms underlying the oversecretion of apolipoprotein (apo)B-48-containing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) in insulin-resistance (IR) states in humans remain to be fully understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the plasma levels of insulin and glucose and the intestinal expression of key genes involved in chylomicron metabolism in a large sample of nondiabetic men displaying various degrees of IR. Duodenal biopsies were obtained by gastroduodenoscopy in 127 men free of intestinal disease. Gene expression was measured using quantitative PCR in duodenal samples. Plasma insulin and glucose concentrations were measured in the fasting state. Postprandial TRL apoB-48 kinetics were measured using a primed-constant infusion of l-[5,5,5-D3]leucine for 12 h in a subgroup of 75 subjects maintained in a constant fed state. Plasma insulin levels were negatively associated with intestinal expression of ACS1 (standard β = −0.20, P = 0.007), DGAT1 (β = −0.18, P = 0.001), DGAT2 (β = −0.20, P = 0.02), and MTP (β = −0.27, P = 0.0005), whereas glucose levels were positively associated with MTP expression (β = 0.15, P = 0.04) independent of age, BMI, waist circumference, dietary intake, and duodenal expression of SREBP1c. Insulin levels, but not glucose concentrations, were positively correlated with postprandial TRL apoB-48 production rate ( r = 0.24, P = 0.04) and pool size ( r = 0.27, P = 0.03). In conclusion, plasma insulin and glucose levels are differentially associated with the expression of key genes involved in chylomicron metabolism. These results suggest that alterations in intestinal lipoprotein metabolism associated with IR may be regulated by plasma levels of both insulin and glucose concurrently and are therefore likely modified by the onset of insulin insufficiency. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that plasma insulin and glucose levels are differentially associated with the expression of key genes involved in chylomicron metabolism in men. For instance, intestinal expression of MTP is negatively associated with plasma insulin concentrations and positively associated with plasma glucose concentrations. Alterations in intestinal lipoprotein metabolism associated with insulin resistance may be regulated by plasma levels of both insulin and glucose concurrently and are therefore likely modified by the onset of insulin insufficiency.