Influence of the Diet on the Intestinal Microbiota

Introduction: The microbiota was defined as the set of micro-organisms that coexist in symbiosis in our body and that could be modified by diet, drugs, habits and fulfills functions of metabolism and immunity. Objective: To identify the influence of the diet on the intestinal microbiota. Method: Non-systematic bibliographic review in databases PubMed, Elsevier, Redalyc, Scielo, Google Scholar, La Reference, Scopus, WoS, among others, which included the terms diet, nutrition, intestinal microbiota, joined these terms by the Boolean connectors, in languages such as English and Spanish. Results: Review of articles in relation to the topic and objective of the present literature review study that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Discussion: The intestinal microbiota included microorganisms that permanently colonize the gastrointestinal tract and others that do it temporarily. Many of the factors that influenced in the composition were dietary habits such and factors such as drinking water, the quality and hygiene of food; and it will also be influenced by the food the person receives at each stage of his live. Conclusion: The diet could produce alterations in the intestinal microbiota through different mechanisms, it also stablished that each person had a unique microbiota that fulfills the same physiological functions and depends on factors such as living conditions, water purity, food hygiene quality, weather an physical activity. Keywords: diet, microbiota, gastrointestinal diseases, metabolism, inmmunity. RESUMEN Introducción: Se define a la microbiota como el conjunto de microoorganismos que conviven en simbiosis en nuestro organismo y que puede ser modificada por la dieta, fármacos, hábitos y cumple funciones de metabolismo e inmunidad. Objetivo: Identificar la influencia de la dieta en la microbiota intestinal. Método: Revisión bibliográfica no sistemática en bases de datos PubMed, Elsevier, Redalyc, Scielo, Google Académico, La Referencia, Scopus, WoS, entre otros, que incluyó los términos dieta, nutrición, microbiota intestinal, unidos dichos términos por los conectores booleanos, en idioma inglés y español. Resultados: Revisión de artículos en relación con el tema y objetivo del presente estudio de revisión bibliográfica que cumplen con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Discusión: La microbiota intestinal incluye microorganismos que colonizan permanentemente el tracto gastrointestinal y otros que lo hacen de manera transitoria. Muchos de los factores que influyen en su composición son hábitos dietéticos y factores como el agua potable, la calidad y la higiene de los alimentos; y también se verá influenciada por la alimentación que recibe el individuo en cada etapa de su vida. Conclusión: La dieta puede producir alteraciones en la microbiota intestinal mediante varios mecanismos, además se establece que cada individuo posee una microbiota única que cumple las mismas funciones fisiológicas y depende de factores como las condiciones de vida, pureza del agua, calidad de higiene de los alimentos, el clima e incluso actividad física. Palabras clave: dieta, microbiota, enfermedades gastrointestinales, metabolismo, inmunidad.

POLA MAKAN DAN UMUR KEHAMILAN TRIMESTER III DENGAN ANEMIA PADA IBU HAMIL

AbstrakBerdasarkan data DINKES (Dinas Kesehatan) Kabupaten Jepara jumlah ibu hamiltahun 2012 sampai dengan bulan September jumlah ibu hamil 18154 ibu hamil dengan ibu hamil Anemia sebanyak 4847 ibu hamil (26,7%). Data dari Puskesmas Bangsri di desa Bangsri Kecamatan Bangsri Kabupaten Jepara pada tahun 2012 s/d bulan September ibu hamil sebanyak 143 ibu hamil yang mengalami Anemia sebanyak 68 ibu hamil dari 68 ibu hamil 24 orang Trismester pertama, 10 orang Trismester dua dan 34 orang trismester tiga. Sedangkan untuk AKB (Angka Kematian IBU) diwilayah Puskesmas Bangsri I sampai dengan bulan September tahun 2012 desa Bangsri sebagai urutan pertama dengan kematian ibu 2 orang, Kedungleper 1 orang, Jerukwangi 1 orang, Bondo, Wedelan, Banjaran dan Banjaragung tidak ada kematian ibu. Kata Kunci:Pola makan, umur kehamilan, kejadian anemia AbstractData DINKES (Department of Health) Jepara number of pregnant women. 2012 until September 18 154 the number of pregnant women pregnant women pregnant women with anemia as 4847 pregnant women (26.7%). Data from the health center in the village Bangsri Bangsri Bangsri Jepara district in 2012 s / d in September as many as 143 pregnant women pregnant women have anemia as many as 68 pregnant women from 68 pregnant women trimesters first 24 people, 10 people 34 people trimesters trimesters two and three . As for the IMR (MOM Mortality) region I Bangsri Health Center until September 2012 as the first order Bangsri village with 2 maternal deaths, Kedungleper 1 person, 1 person Jerukwangi, Bondo, Wedelan, Banjaran and Banjaragung no maternal deaths Keywords: diet, gestational age, the incidence of anemiaPOLA MAKAN DAN UMUR KEHAMILAN TRIMESTER III DENGAN ANEMIA PADA IBU HAMIL

Hubungan Pola Makan dengan Status Gizi Anak Usia 3-5 tahun di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Nanggalo Padang 2014

AbstrakStatus gizi yang buruk merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian pada anak. Jumlah anak dengan status gizi kurang dari tahun 2011 ke tahun 2012 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Nanggalo mengalami peningkatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan hubungan pola makan dengan status gizi pada anak usia 3-5 tahun di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Nanggalo. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional study dengan pola makan sebagai variabel independen dan status gizi sebagai variabel dependen. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua anak usia 3-5 tahun yang berdomisili di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Nanggalo. Pengambilan subjek menggunakan teknik simple random sampling yang dibuat secara proporsional. Analisis data menggunakan uji Fisher. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan 68% anak dengan pola makan yang baik mempunyai status gizi normal, dan 11% anak dengan pola makan tidak baik mengalami kekurusan. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan pola makan mempunyai hubungan dengan status gizi (p=0,000). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang antara pola makan dengan status gizi. Penerapan pola makan yang baik pada anak maka status gizi anak akan menjadi baik.Kata kunci: pola makan, status gizi, anak usia 3-5 tahun AbstractMalnutrition is one of the cause of childhood deaths. The year of 2011 until 2012, the cases of children with malnutrition in area of Nanggalo Health Center was increased. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation diet on nutritional status in children aged 3-5 years old in area of Nanggalo Health Center. This research used cross-sectional study, the diet as the independent variable and nutritional status as the dependent variable. The population was all of children aged 3-5 years in area of Nanggalo Health Center. Subjects was taken by using simple random sampling technique with proportionally. The data analysis was Fisher test. The results of the study found 68% of children with a good diet have normal nutritional status, and 11% of children with a bad diet have a stunting. The Statistic results showed that diet has a relationship on nutritional status (p = 0.000). Keywords: diet, nutritional status, children aged 3-5 year old

Do cattle exhibit a preference for white clover?

Attaining a predictable and stable composition of white clover in pasture is affected by selective grazing and inter-species plant competition. This paper reports an experiment which demonstrates that when given a free choice between monocultures of ryegrass and white clover, cattle did not selectively graze only clover but chose a mixed diet. Ten young heifers were stocked for 3 weeks on 2 ha, comprised of adjacent 1-ha monocultures of each of ryegrass and white clover. Animals were given 1 week to adjust to the spatial separation and then on 2 consecutive days in each of 2 consecutive weeks, cattle were observed at 10-minute intervals during daylight hours. Behaviour (grazing or not) and location (ryegrass or white clover) were recorded. This procedure was conducted in December, February and May to assess seasonal variation in the species preference. At each occasion cattle choose a mixed diet by eating both ryegrass and white clover, but their preference for white clover changed with season. In February they exhibited a partial preference for white clover, by spending approximately 65% of grazing time on white clover and 35% on ryegrass. In December and May the partial preference for white clover was lower, with cattle allocating approximately 47% of grazing time to white clover and 53% to ryegrass. Results are discussed in relation to the extent of preference for white clover when limitations to selection are removed and how this information could be used to enhance white clover proportion in the diet to better match animal preference. Keywords: diet selection, grazing behaviour, perennial ryegrass, preference, Trifolium repens L.