A multi-location peak parking approach for calculation of second dimensional retention indices for improved volatile compound identification with cryogen-free comprehensive heart-cut two-dimensional gas chromatography

Comprehensive heart-cut multidimensional gas chromatography (CH/C MDGC) without a cryogenic trapping device was developed with an approach for calculation of first and second dimensional retention indices (1I and 2I).

Comparative Case Studies of Parking Reduction at Transit-Oriented Developments in the U.S.A.

This study addresses the question of parking supply and demand at transit-oriented developments (TODs) through comparative case studies of seven TODs in the U.S.A. As far as the authors can determine, this is one of the first studies to estimate peak parking generation rates for TODs. Developments are often characterized in relation to “D” variables—development density, land use diversity, urban design, destination accessibility and distance to transit. The seven TODs studied in this project are exemplary when it comes to the Ds. At the overall peak hour, just 51.2%–84.0% of parking spaces are filled. Because of limited use of shared parking, even these exemplary developments do not achieve their full potential. At the overall peak hour, parked cars would fill just 19.5%–69.4% of parking spaces if the developments were built to Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) standards. With one exception, peak parking demand is less than 60% of the parking supply guideline in the ITE Parking Generation manual. A sixth D, demand management (parking management), is mixed at the TODs studied. For one thing, there is a dearth of shared parking, though opportunities abound. Another area in which parking policies are not always smart is in bundled residential parking. At some TODs, a parking space/permit comes with each apartment whether the renters want it and use it or not. Such parking is effectively free. A third area in which parking policies are not always smart is in free commercial parking, the counterpart of bundled residential parking.

A non-destructive test to assess the axial heterogeneity of in situ modified monoliths for HPLC

A multi-location peak parking protocol was developed for a non-destructive assessment of the axial heterogeneity of in situ modified monoliths. This was tested on a column with a surface coverage density gradient along the length of the monolithic rod. Qualitative changes in band broadening were observed and were consistent with theoretical studies.

Study of Yan Tai Train Station Parking Lot Improvement

Parking lot parking problem is becoming more and more prominent. In order to improve the Yan Tai train station peak parking discontent, serious parking idle resources, and heavy traffic caused by road parking, the Yan Tai train station parking lot parking data was collected through survey, to discuss the parking demand characteristics and parking facilities supply and demand and so on. Combined with factors of parking problems, carries on the reasonable forecast of parking demand, and then gives the solutions. Keywords: the railway station parking lot; parking lot planning; parking characteristics; parking supply and demand analysis; improvement and design

Development of Fuzzy Logic Forecast Models for Location-Based Parking Finding Services

Park-and-ride (PnR) facilities provided by Australian transport authorities have been an effective way to encourage car drivers to use public transport such as trains and buses. However, as populations grow and vehicle running costs increase, the demand for more parking spaces has escalated. Often, PnR facilities are filled to capacity by early morning and commuters resort to parking illegally in streets surrounding stations. This paper reports on the development of a location-based parking finding service for PnR users. Based on their current location, the system can inform users which is the best station to park their cars during peak period. Two criteria—parking availability and the shortest travel time—were used to evaluate the best station. Fuzzy logic forecast models were used to estimate the uncertainty of parking availability during the peak parking demand period. A prototype using these methods has been developed based on a case study of the Oats Street and Carlisle PnR facilities in Perth, Western Australia. The system has proved to be efficacious and has the potential to be applied to other parking systems.