Efektivitas Perlakuan Kombinatif Plasma Medis dan Ekstrak Daun Sirih untuk Mempercepat Penyembuhan Luka Fase Proliferasi pada Model Mencit Diabetik

The continued increase in the number of people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in Indonesia is a serious problem. One of the big problems for people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the emergence of complications of diabetic wounds. To date the strategy for treatment of diabetic wounds has been limited to the use of wound dressing, cell therapy and oxygen therapy. The problem is that the strategy is not fully successful. Thus, it is very important to look for new strategies to improve the quality of diabetic wound healing, such as by applying a combination of plasma medicine and local natural product, like the extraction of Daun sirih (Piper betle) leaves. Plasma medicine is a relatively new and multidisciplinary study involving plasma science, biomedical, pharmaceutical and other health sciences aimed at applying plasma to therapeutic health. Plasma is the fourth phase of matter, after the solid, liquid and gas phase. The medical aspects of plasma are related to the ability of plasma to produce biological molecules Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (RONS). If RONS is controlled in the right dosage it can be efficacious for health therapy. This study intends to examine the effects of combinative treatment of plasma medicine and Piper betel leaf extract for proliferation phase of wound healing in diabetic small animal model. This study used male Balb c mice with acute wounds which were divided into 5 groups, namely groups of untreated normal mice (ND-TP), groups of untreated diabetic mice (D-TP), groups of diabetic mice wounds with Piper betel leaf extract (DS ), the wound group of diabetic mice with plasma medicine (DP) and the wound group of diabetic mice with plasma medicine and Piper betel leaf (DPS). The plasma medicine was treated on wound with condition non-contact style (the plasma jet did not touch the wound) with a distance of plasma jet reactor nozzle to the surface of wound about 20 mm, for 2 minutes, every day. Macroscopic observation of wounds is carried out every day from day 0 to 7. On day 7 it was seen that the size of the wound area for D-P-S was smaller than the other groups. The results of this study indicated that Piper betel leaf extract can potentially be used to optimize the performance of plasma medicine in accelerating diabetic wound healing during the proliferation phase. Further investigation, however, is important to be conducted to study the effect for all phases of wound healing and its mechanism histo-pathologically.

Effect of Piper betel leaf extract on learning and memory in Aluminium chloride induced Alzheimer’s disease in Wistar rats

Alzheimer's disease is a common neurological disorder affecting a significant proportion of the elderly population.There are only a few drugs which can be used safely to treat it. We sought to investigate for the first time Piper betel leaf, a postmeal mouth freshener for its potential use in Alzheimer's disease. Five groups of male Wistar rats with six rats in each group aged 10-12 weeks were used. The control group received the distilled water, aluminium chloride (AlCl3) group was treated with AlCl3, the standard group was treated with rivastigmine with AlCl3, and the two test groups received piper betel leaf extract (PBE) at doses of 400mg/kg and 500mg/kg body weight with AlCl3. AlCl3 was administered orally for 42 days in all the treated groups. Memory and learning were evaluated by Morris water maze test and Passive avoidance test.The results of the Morris water maze test showed reduced mean escape latency period in all the groups on trial day three (P≤0.05) and on trial day four (P ≤0.01) compared to AlCl3 group. The retention of spatial memory by probe trial showed that PBE and rivastigmine treated group spent more time in the target (platform) quadrant when compared to AlCl3 group (P≤0.01). The passive avoidance test showed a significant increase in step through latency in standard and test groups compared to the AlCl3 treated group. The weight of the rats treated with AlCl3 and PBE was reduced at the end of the treatment period while increased in standard and control group. The study shows the beneficial effects of Piper betel leaves in Alzheimer’s disease by significantly improving the learning and memory functions in rats.

INHIBITORY EFFECT OF RED PIPER BETEL LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT (PIPER CROCATUM RUIZ AND PAV.) AGAINST TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS TROPHOZOITES IN VITRO

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of red betel leaf ethanol extract against Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites.Materials and Methods: The samples of red piper betel leaf were extracted with 70% ethanol using a maceration method. The phytochemical screening of ethanol extract was performed using the standard procedures. Isolation of T. vaginalis trophozoites from vaginal secretions was conducted using swab method, then suspending it into a saline solution sterile and followed by observing trophozoites motility using a microscope. While the anti-leucorrhea activity test and determination of MIC extract was done using macrodillution method. The inhibitory effect of each extract concentration to trichomonas trophozoites’ morphology was observed under a microscope using staining techniques by adding Giemsa dyes.Results: The extract of red piper betel leaves contains several secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, quinones, and saponins. Of the six vaginal secretions, four positive trichomoniasis secretions were obtained. The results of anti-leucorrhea activity of red piper betel ethanol extract showed that the number of inactive trophozoites was proportional to the increasing of extract concentration. The inactive trophozoites were characterized by the absence of its motility under microscope observation. The MIC value of red piper betel extract of T. vaginalis trophozoites was 5% w/v.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of red piper betel leaves could be contribute as a natural and safe anti-leucorrhea candidate for in vivo study on trichomoniasis in the future.

Cemaran Kapang pada Pakan Sapi dan Uji In Vitro Sirih terhadap Pertumbuhan Kapang Aspergillus flavus (MOLD CONTAMINATION IN CATTLE FEED AND IN VITRO ASSAY OF PIPER BETEL AGAINTS GROWTH OF MOLD CONTAMINANT ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS )

Contamination of mold in feed and Ingridients of feed is important because pathogenic and toxigenic mold will contaminate and cause mycotic and mycotoxicosis on livestock especially cattle. Information regarding the data is required in an attempt to controll of mold contaminant. Base on the previous study piper betel leaf (Piper betle) showed high activity as antimold. The aim of this study were to obtain data of mold contamination in cattle feed and ingredients of feed from the provinces of Banten, Lampung, Jakarta and West Java, and to test piper betel as an antimold herbal from traditional medicinal plants originated from Indonesia. Isolation and identification of fungi were conducted on the flour, glycerides, onggok, corn, peanut, coconut, coffee, concentrates, lamtoro, pineapple, rice, grass, palm, cassava, tofu lees, fish meal, bone meal from the provinces of Banten, Lampung, Jakarta and West Java. Isolation was done by plating the samples on agar medium, The mold have grown on media was identified. Feed that has been mixed with the extracts and powders plus mold inoculum was incubated. After 3=7 days incubation, colony forming unit (CFU) of the mixtures were counted. The results showed that the majority of feed contaminated with mold, but still below the threshold. The mold contamination in wheat flour, corn, concentrates and tofu lees exceeds from the threshold. Aspergillus sp, A. amstelodami, A. clavatus, A. Candidus, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. glaucus, A. niger, Cladosporium sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp., Hyphomycetes sp., Mycelia sterilata, Mucor sp., Paecilomyces sp., Penicillium sp., and Rhizopus sp. Penicillium sp were most commonly found in the feed as much as 2.56 x 107 CFU. At a concentration of 10%. in vitro test showed that the piper betel leaf in powder form is more effective than extract form to inhibit the growth of A.flavus The conclusion of this study was flour, corn, concentrates and tofu lees contaminated by molds. Penicillium sp and 17 species of mold were the most frequently found compared to other fungi. Powders the best form of the piper betel as antimold. ABSTRAK Cemaran kapang pada pakan dan bahan penyusunnya adalah penting sebab kapang yang tergolong patogenik dan toksigenik dapat mencemari dan menyebabkan mikosis dan mikotoksikosis pada ternak sapi. Informasi mengenai kapang pencemar diperlukan dalam usaha pengendaliannya. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya diketahui daun sirih (Piper betle) mempunyai aktivitas antikapang yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data cemaran kapang pada pakan ternak sapi dan bahan penyusunnya dari propinsi Banten, Lampung, DKI Jakarta, dan Jawa Barat, serta menguji sirih sebagai obat herbal antikapang yang telah terpilih dari tanaman obat tradisional asli Indonesia. Isolasi dan identifikasi kapang telah dilakukan pada tepung, gliserida, onggok, jagung, kacang, kelapa, kopi, konsentrat, lamtoro, nenas, beras, rumput, sawit, singkong, ampas tahu, tepung ikan, tepung tulang dari provinsi Banten, Lampung, DKI Jakarta, dan Jawa Barat. Isolasi dilakukan dengan membiakkan sampel pada media agar, Kapang yang sudah tumbuh pada media diidentifikasi. Pakan yang telah dicampur dengan ektrak dan serbuk ditambahkan inokulum kapang, kemudian diinkubasi. Setelah 3-7 hari diinkubasi, dihitung colony forming unit (CFU) yang berkembang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar pakan tercemar kapang, tetapi levelnya masih berada di bawah batas ambang. Cemaran kapang pada tepung, jagung, konsentrat, dan ampas tahu melebihi batas ambang. Kapang-kapang tersebut adalah Aspergillus sp, A. amstelodami, A. clavatus, A. candidus, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. glaucus, A. niger, Cladosporium sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp., Hyphomycetes sp., Miselia sterilata, Mucor sp., Paecilomyces sp., Penicillium sp., dan Rhizopus sp. Kapang Penicillium sp adalah yang paling banyak ditemukan pada pakan yakni sebanyak 2,56.107 CFU. Uji in vitro menunjukkan bahwa daun sirih dalam bentuk serbuk lebih efektif dibandingkan bentuk ekstrak untuk menghambat pertumbuhan A. flavus pada konsentrasi 10%. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah tepung, jagung, konsentrat dan ampas tahu tercemar oleh kapang. Ditemukan 17 jenis kapang pencemar pakan dan kapang Penicillium sp yang paling banyak jumlahnya. Antikapang sirih yang terbaik adalah dalam bentuk serbuk.