Diversidade genética entre acessos de maracujazeiros com base em descritores morfoagronômicos

Este trabalho teve como finalidade estimar a diversidade genética entre acessos de maracujazeiros conservados na coleção de trabalho da Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, com base em descritores morfoagronômicos. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, quatro plantas por parcela. Foi gerada uma matriz de dissimilaridade fundamentada no complemento do coeficiente de coincidência simples. De acordo com os valores da matriz de dissimilaridade, os acessos Passiflora morifolia e Passiflora foetida foram os mais similares (dii’ 0,25), enquanto os acessos Passiflora quadrangularis e Passiflora suberosa foram os mais distantes (dii’ 0,88). Os acessos mais divergentes com base no método unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) foram P. foetida e Passiflora edulis, sendo ambos pertencentes a subgêneros distintos.

Molecular Diversity and Genetic Relatedness of Candida albicans Isolates from Birds in Hungary

The molecular epidemiology of Candida albicans infections in animals has been rarely studied. In this study, multilocus sequence typing was used to characterise the genetic diversity and population structure of 24 avian origin C. albicans isolates collected from different birds with candidiasis and compared to human isolates. Fourteen diploid sequence types (DSTs) including six new DSTs were determined. Cluster analysis revealed that isolates grouped into 8 clades. Bird isolates mainly belonged to minor clades and Clade 15 with DST 172 was the most common (11 isolates; 45.8%). The remaining isolates were clustered into Clade 7 (5 isolates; 20.8%), Clade 10 (4 isolates; 16.6%), Clade 8 (2 isolates; 8.3%), Clade 4 (1 isolate; 4.2%) and Clade 16 (1 isolate; 4.2%). Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) and eBURST analyses showed that the genetic construction of avian origin C. albicans population is fairly diverse. Although species-specific lineages were not found, some degree of separation in the evolution of bird and human strains could be observed.

Divergência genética entre tipos especiais de arroz a partir de técnicas multivariadas

O mercado brasileiro de arroz prioriza o consumo de arroz branco polido. Entretanto, existem demandas por tipos especiais. A estimativa da divergência genética é importante para o melhoramento genético, pois permite a seleção de genitores em sistemas de cruzamentos controlados. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram indicar a contribuição relativa dos caracteres avaliados para a dissimilaridade genética e avaliar a divergência genética entre genótipos de tipos especiais de arroz por dois métodos diferentes de agrupamento. O experimento foi conduzido no ano de outubro de 2012 a março de 2013, na UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos constaram dos genótipos Caiapó, Vermelho Pequeno, IAC 300, IAC 400 e IAC 500. A medida de dissimilaridade adotada foi a distância euclidiana. Foram utilizados dois métodos diferentes de otimização: o método de otimização de Tocher e o método hierárquico UPGMA (Unweighted Pair-Group Method using Arithmetic Avarages). Os genótipos Caiapó e Vermelho Pequeno estiveram em diferentes grupos heteróticos em relação aos genótipos IAC 300 e IAC 400, independentemente do método de agrupamento utilizado. Verificou-se que a característica produtividade foi a que mais influenciou na variação total.

PENETAPAN KERAGAMAN GENETIK NILAM (Pogostemon sp.) HASIL FUSI PROTOPLAS DENGAN TEKNIK RAPD

<p>Keragaman genetik dan kckerabatan tanaman nilam hasil fusi protoplas antara Nilam Jawa (Girilaya) dan Nilam Aceh (Sidikalang dan TT 75) dianalisis dengan menggunakan penanda RAPD. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 9 genotipa yang tcrdiri dari 3 tetua dan 6 tanaman hibrida somatik (9 II 33, 9 II 21, 2 IV 8, 9 IV14, 9 II 7 dan 9 II 10). Primer yang digunakan dalam analisis tcrdiri atas 5 primer acak yaitu OPD 03, OPD 20, OPH 09, OPH 19 dan Abi 117.17. DNA dickstraksi dengan metode OROZCO-CASTJLLO et al. (1994) yang sudah dimodifikasi. Konsentrasi DNA ditetapkan dengan metode sambrook el al. (1989) dengan pcrbandingan kuantifikasi spektrofotometrik. Koefisien kemiripan dan kckerabatan antar genotipa dianalisis dengan menggunakan program NTsys ver. 1.80 dan UPGMA untuk menentukan sidik gerombol dan dendogram. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa koefisien kemiipan dari amplifikasi DNA dengan 5 primer acak dari ke- 9 genotipa berkisar antara 0.48-1.0. Berdasarkan niatrik jarak genetik, kescmbilan genotipa tanaman yang diuji membentuk 2 kelompok besar yaitu kelompok I, tetua Girilaya (Nilam Jawa) dan kelompok II tcrdiri dari tetua Sidikalang dan TT 75 (Nilam Aceh) serta hibrida somatik. Kelompok II, tcrbagi menjadi dua sub kelompok yaitu sub kelompok I (9 II 33 dan 9 II 7) dan sub kelompok II yang tcrdii dari sub-sub kelompok II-I (9 II 21, S, TT 75) dan sub-sub kelompok II-II (2 IV 8, 9 IV 14, 9 II 10).</p><p>Kata kunci: Pogostemon sp., fusi protoplas, keragaman genetik, RAPD</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACTS </strong></p><p><strong>Assessment of genetic variability of patchoulli (Pogostemon sp.,) derived from protoplast fussion using RAPD </strong></p><p>Somatic hybrids of Pogostemon heyneaneus (cv. Girilaya) X P. cablin (cv. Sidikalang and TT 75) were tested for their genetic variability and relationship. The somatic hybrids tested were 9 II 33, 9 II 21, 2 IV 8, 9 IV14, 9 II 7 and 9 II 10. DNA of the plant materials used were extracted by using the modified method of orozcocastulo et al. (1994) and quantified spectrophotometrically according to SAMBROOK el al. (1989). Five random primers, OPD 03. OPD 20, OPH 09. OPH 19 and Abi 117.17, were applied to amplify the extracted DNA. The genetic relationship among the somatic hybrids were estimated by using the index of similarity to perform genctical matrix and dendogram. Index of similarity among genotypes were calculated by using NTsys ver. 1.80 program. Then, cluster analyses to perform dendogram were achieved based on similarity estimates by using the Unweighted Pair-Group Method Arithmetic Average (UPGMA). Results showed that index of similarities of the amplified DNA from 5 random primers ranged from 0.48 to 1.0. The somatic hybrids and their parental plants subjected to RAPD analyses were classified into 2 major groups, first, the parental group of Java patchouli and second, others parental plants, Aceh patchouli (Sidikalang and TT 75), and the somatic hybrids. The second group was then classified into 2 minor groups. First group consisted of somatic hybrids nos. 9 II 33 and 9 II 7, while the second were classified into 2 groups which consisted nos. 9 II 21, S, TT 75 and nos. 2 IV 8, 9 IV 14 and 9 II 10.</p><p>Key words : Pogostemon sp., protoplast fusion, genetic variability, RAPD</p>

Phytosociological study of submontane genistoid scrub communities from the Southeastern Balkans

Genista lydia Boiss. is an endemic Balkan-Anatolian species which forms rare communities in the territory of south Bulgaria and northeast Greece. They are spread exclusively on acidic, siliceous substrates. This study presents new data on their distribution, floristic and ecological structure and phytosociological affinities. The research is based on 156 phytosociological relevés. Unweighted pair–group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) was employed and a detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) was performed prior to the syntaxonomical decision. Three new associations and the new alliance Genistion lydiae have been described and classified within the order Lavandulo stoechadis-Hypericetalia olympici Mucina in Mucina et al. 2016 of the class Cisto-Lavanduletea stoechadis Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1940. The study has also emphazised the potential threats concerning a decline of the habitat area and proposed some conservation measures.

ANALISIS KERAGAMAN GENETIK Phytophthora capsici Leonian ASAL LADA (Piper nigrum L.) MENGGUNAKAN PENANDA MOLEKULER

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Phytophthora capsici adalah penyebab penyakit busuk pangkal<br />batang yang paling merugikan pada lada di Indonesia dan sulit<br />dikendalikan karena dapat bertahan lama dalam tanah serta memiliki<br />keragaman agresivitas isolat luas. Pengetahuan mengenai keragaman<br />genetik strain-strain P. capsici dapat membantu perancangan strategi<br />efektif pengelolaan patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi<br />keragaman dan struktur genetik isolat-isolat P. capsici asal lada<br />menggunakan penanda RAPD. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan<br />Oktober 2009 sampai April 2010 di Laboratorium Biokimia BB Biogen<br />dan Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit Balittro. Keragaman genetik 59<br />isolat P. capsici yang berasal dari koleksi kultur tahun 1982-2009 dari 37<br />lokasi di Sumatera, Bangka, Jawa, dan Kalimantan, dikarakterisasi<br />menggunakan enam primer RAPD. Pengelompokan menggunakan<br />unweighted pair-group method with arithmatic averaging (UPGMA)<br />berdasarkan profil RAPD membagi ke-59 isolat ke dalam lima gerombol<br />utama; yang menunjukkan adanya keragaman genetik tinggi antar isolat.<br />Pengelompokan RAPD tidak berkaitan dengan asal lokasi isolat. Analysis<br />of molecular variance (AMOVA) juga menunjukkan adanya keragaman<br />genetik yang tinggi di antara isolat-isolat P. capsici, dengan ragam genetik<br />total sebesar 96% terletak di dalam masing-masing pulau (within<br />populations). Namun demikian, terdapat ragam genetik antar isolat dari<br />pulau berbeda (among populations) yang signifikan (4% ; P=0,001), yaitu<br />antar populasi di Sumatera dan Bangka dengan jarak genetik sebesar 0,081<br />(P=0,002). Ketidakterkaitan antara pengelompokan RAPD dengan asal<br />lokasi geografik isolat dan ragam genetik yang tinggi dalam satu pulau<br />dapat diakibatkan oleh terjadinya penyebaran isolat antar daerah, terutama<br />melalui bibit tanaman yang terinfestasi P. capsici. Pencegahan penyebaran<br />isolat antar pulau perlu dilakukan melalui sertifikasi bibit bebas penyakit<br />BPB dan pengembangan sistem perbenihan lokal.<br />Kata kunci: lada, penyakit busuk pangkal batang, Phytophthora capsici,<br />RAPD, keragaman genetik, struktur populasi</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Phytophthora capsici is the causal agent of foot rot, the most<br />destructive disease of pepper in Indonesia and difficult to control .<br />Knowledge in the genetic structure of P. capsici strains can enrich<br />designing effective disease management strategies. This study was aimed<br />at analyzing the genetic variability and structure of P. capsici isolates from<br />pepper using RAPD. The study was done from October 2009 until April<br />2010 at the Biochemical Laboratory of Indonesian Center for Agriculutral<br />Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, and the<br />Plant Pest and Disease Laboratory of the Indonesian Research Institute of<br />Spice and Medicinal Crops. Fifty-nine isolates collected from 1982 to<br />2009 from Sumatera, Bangka, Java, and Kalimantan were characterized<br />based on six RAPD markers. Unweighted pair-group method with<br />arithmatic averaging (UPGMA) clustering based on RAPD profiles<br />divided the isolates into five major cluster, which indicated high genetic<br />variability among isolates. No apparent relationship between RAPD<br />clustering and geographic origin of isolate was observed. Hierarchical<br />partitioning of genetic variation using analysis of molecular variance<br />(AMOVA) confirmed the overall high variability among isolates, with<br />96% of total genetic variance was resided among isolates within islands<br />(within populations). Nevertheless, a small (4%) but significant (P=0.001)<br />genetic variance among isolates between different islands (among<br />populations) were observed, which was detected between populations in<br />Sumatera and Bangka with genetic distance (Ф PT ) as high as 0,081<br />(P=0,002). The lack of association between RAPD clustering and<br />geographic origin as well as high genetic variance within populations may<br />have been the result of movement of isolates between locations, most<br />likely through infested plant cuttings. Use of certified and development of<br />blackpepper clones locally are required to prevent disease spread among<br />islands.<br />Keywords: black pepper, foot rot disease, Phytophthora capsici, genetic<br />diversity, RAPD, population structure</p>

Los patrones electroforéticos de proteínas salivales permiten diferenciar los grupos transandino y cisandino de las especies de Rhodnius de Colombia

Introducción. Las especies Rhodnius (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) están conformadas por insectos hematófagos vectores de Trypanosoma cruzi, agente etiológico de la enfermedad de Chagas, y T. rangeli, parásito infectivo pero no patógeno para el vertebrado. El estudio de la diversidad proteica de la saliva de estos insectos permite la obtención de perfiles electroforéticos unidimensionales característicos de algunas especies de triatominos. Sin embargo, el reporte de los patrones electroforéticos de proteínas salivales de las especies de Rhodnius ha sido escaso.Objetivo. Hacer un análisis comparativo de los perfiles electroforéticos unidimensionales de las proteínas salivales de R. colombiensis, R. pallescens, R. pictipes, R. prolixus y R. robustus.Materiales y métodos. Se obtuvieron los perfiles electroforéticos de la saliva de las especies en estudio mediante electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida con dodecilsulfatosódico (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE) y se construyó un fenograma mediante el método UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Using Arithmetic Averages).Resultados. Los perfiles electroforéticos de las proteínas solubles de saliva presentaron bandas en un rango de masa aproximado de 15 a 45 kDa, los cuales permitieron diferenciar las cinco especies estudiadas. El fenograma reveló la existencia de dos grupos principales: uno conformado por los grupos cisandinos Pictipes y Prolixus y otro constituido por el grupo transandino Pallescens.Conclusiones. Existen diferencias en los perfiles electroforéticos de las proteínas salivales entre R. colombiensis, R. pallescens, R. pictipes, R. prolixus y R. robustus, cuya variabilidad permitió construir un fenograma congruente con los grupos del género Rhodnius.

Phylogenetic analysis of forty Solanum melongena L. accessions by SDS-page

Work was carried out to resolve the existing intraspecific taxonomic relation and protein richest accessions of Solanum melongena by using SDS-PAGE with the reference of their genetic diversity. Phylogenetic relatedness within samples was studied by cluster analysis using an Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) to construct a dendrogram. Electrophoretogram of accessions No. (1-19) 018477, 018482 (Faisalabad), 18484 (Sahiwal), whereas accessions from 20 - 40 from D. I Khan (18504, 18500, 18505, 14466(3), Sahiwal (20344) and Batgram (20509) was unique in protein banding position. Largest dendrogram of cluster 1 divided into 6 (6a,b), 7 (7a,b), 8 (8a,b) and 9 (9a,b) sub clusters including accessions 20425 - 4745(3). The results demonstrated that accessions have low level of genetic diversity and almost similar protein contents. No relationship was found between genetic divergence and genetic status of the samples.

Studi Kekerabatan Padi Hasil Piramidisasi Berbasis Marka Molekuler dan Fenotipik

Piramidisasi gen adalah upaya untuk menggabungkan beberapa gen yang menguntungkan dari banyak tetua menjadi satu genotipe tunggal. Hasil tinggi, tahan terhadap wereng cokelat, kandungan amilosa sedang, umur genjah dan aromatik adalah beberapa sifat yang diharapkan untuk digabungkan. Melalui teknik piramidsasi, telah diperoleh 28 genotip, namun analisis kekerabatan genetik, sebagai pertimbangan dalam pengambilan keputusan pada tahapan pemuliaan selanjutnya, belum dilakukan. Kombinasi gen ini dicapai dengan persilangan banyak genotipe tetua dengan karakter unggul yaitu Sintanur (aromatik), Pandan Wangi (aromatik), IR64 (kandungan amilosa sedang), PTB33 (tahan wereng coklat), Ciapus (hasil tinggi) dan KA (umur genjah). Tujuan percobaan ini adalah untuk memperoleh hubungan genetik genotip dalam sifat-sifat agro-morfologi dan marka molekuler. Analisis hubungan kekerabatan antara tetua dan 28 genotip piramidisasi dilakukan menggunakan software XLSTAT2016 untuk membentuk matrik similarity shared allele distance dengan koefisien Jaccard sebagai pembentuk jarak genetik untuk marka molekuler dan koefisien korelasi pearson untuk marka fenotipik. Kemudian dilakukan pengelompokan atau clustering dengan metode Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA). Hasil pengelompokan berdasarkan marka molekuler dengan menggunakan 11 marka yang terkait erat dengan tujuh karakter target, diperoleh koefisien kemiripan sebesar 41,3% dan terbentuk dua kelompok, sedangkan hasil pengelompokan berdasarkan marka fenotipik dengan 14 karakter agro-morfologi terbentuk tiga kelompok dengan tingkat kemiripan 22,2%. Genotipe SPxCAKA1B, SPxPP3B dan PPxIP4B dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai tetua atau genotipe harapan karena memiliki jarak kekerabatan yang paling jauh diantara genotip lainnya.

Caracterização Biométrica dos Caprinos da República de Cabo Verde

Objetivou-se discernir populações caprinas de cinco ilhas da República de Cabo Verde (n=533) por meio de dados biométricos e análises estatísticas. Foram avaliadas 16 características de fêmeas adultas, através da estatística descritiva simples, análise de variância, teste de multicolinearidade, distância generalizada de Mahalanobis (D²) e algoritmo UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Arithmetic Mean). Após o teste de multicolinearidade foi identificada e descartada a variável profundidade torácica. As D² foram calculadas com base nas 15 medidas biométricas. O maior valor da D² foi entre as populações das ilhas do Fogo e São Nicolau (22,73), e a menor D² foi entre Santo Antão e São Vicente (3,71). O dendrograma a partir de 15 variáveis em cinco populações colocou as cabras da ilha de Fogo em ramo a parte das demais. Agruparam-se num ramo as cabras das ilhas de Santo Antão e São Vicente. Este resultado está de acordo com a distância geográfica entre as ilhas de Cabo Verde e o histórico recente de intercâmbio de animais entre elas.