Parametric Study to Improve Subpixel Accuracy of Nitric Oxide Tagging Velocimetry with Image Preprocessing

Biacetyl phosphorescence has been the commonly used molecular tagging velocimetry (MTV) technique to investigate in-cylinder flow evolution and cycle-to-cycle variations in an optical engine. As the phosphorescence of biacetyl tracer deteriorates in the presence of oxygen, nitrogen was adopted as the working medium in the past. Recently, nitrous oxide MTV technique was employed to measure the velocity profile of an air jet. The authors here plan to investigate the potential application of this technique for engine flow studies. A possible experimental setup for this task indicated different permutations of image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and laser line width. In the current work, a numerical analysis is performed to study the effect of these two factors on displacement error in MTV image processing. Also, several image filtering techniques were evaluated and the performance of selected filters was analyzed in terms of enhancing the image quality and minimizing displacement errors. The flow displacement error without image preprocessing was observed to be inversely proportional to SNR and directly proportional to laser line width. The mean filter resulted in the smallest errors for line widths smaller than 9 pixels. The effect of filter size on subpixel accuracy showed that error levels increased as the filter size increased.

Coupled Pendulums: A Classical Depiction of Laser Oscillation, Phase Diffusion and Laser Line-width

<div><p><strong><em> </em></strong><em>In this work we have presented an analogy between the coupled vibrations of two classical oscillators and the oscillations that take place in a laser cavity. Our aim is to understand classically the causes that lead to the phase diffusion in a system of coupled classical oscillators and to explore possibilities of any relationship between phase fluctuation and the frequency difference. The equations of motion for the classical oscillators have been derived and solved, for different values of coupling coefficients, to obtain the expressions for the mode frequencies¹.The solutions, while plotted graphically have led us to the conclusion that in classical oscillators the mode frequencies of the oscillators are far apart if their oscillation is heavily coupling dependent and consequently the phase relationship of the oscillators fluctuate vigorously and frequently, which is the converse of what happens in a laser cavity consisting atomic oscillators. </em></p></div>

Errors reducing method of Laser 3D scanner

This paper presents the factors that influence the form scanning processing by using the laser: light ambient, scanning surface, motion axial, focal length of the camera. This paper will present the method to reduce the error of the environment by using the camera calibration algorithms and the coordinate movements. This errors reducing method to solve the problem from local to genera: from solving errors created by the curve of the cameras to the laser-line width, to the dark gray threshold of the images by the camera aperture and coupling 2- movement axis to scanning-coupling more effectively.

Nearby Phase Search Algorithm with Reduced Complexity for Higher Order QAM Formats

This paper proposes a nearby phase search (NPS) algorithm based on BPS estimation algorithm in optical coherent receivers. And its suitable for arbitrary multi-level modulation. Making use of the continuity of phase change, the proposed NPS algorithm is applied to process nearby symbols by taking the pre-estimation phase of each symbol block as reference point. Compared to the traditional blind phase search (BPS) algorithm and its improved two-stage BPS algorithm, the performance of the proposed NPS algorithm is greatly improved in ultra-high speed coherent optical transmission system. By the simulation, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated in 28GBaud 16-QAM and 64-QAM system. Its shown that the computational complexity of the NPS algorithm greatly reduces in the guarantee of laser line width tolerance and bit error rate.