GELANGGANG REMAJA DI MUARA TEWEH (MUARA TEWEH YOUTH CENTERS)

The importance of non-academic education for teenagers is considered no less important in order to the development of various potentials within them. Teenagers in Muara Teweh were considered quite enthusiastic for participating in various types of activities. However, there are some that are known to be frequent obstacles, including the unavailability of place and facilities, and environments that tend to be determinative. This situation is feared will reduce the interest of teenagers in exploring their potential interests and talents more freely. This is the background of the need to procure a place in the form of a youth center that has a function for accommodating these development activities but also offers a fun atmosphere, dynamic and flexible, so that teens can comfortably carry out their activities. The method that is used is an architectural psychology approach by observing the characteristics of teenagers as a design reference. This is manifested by the concept of a youth cultural space that is applied to architectural elements in both indoor and outdoor space.

Preliminary Assessment of Methane Concentration Variation Observed by GOSAT in China

Atmospheric column-averaged methane (XCH4) observations from GOSAT are analyzed to study the spatiotemporal variation of XCH4in China. Furthermore, we investigate the driving mechanism of XCH4spatiotemporal variations, especially for high XCH4values shown over Sichuan Basin, by analyzing both the emission mechanism of rice planting process and the regional atmosphere dynamic transportation. The results indicate that spatially the Sichuan Basin presents a higher XCH4concentration than other regions in China and is 17 ppb higher than the paddy area in the same latitude zone. Seasonally, XCH4in Sichuan Basin during rice harvest season is generally higher than that in early cultivation period. However, comparing to paddy area in the same latitude zone, Sichuan Basin shows a relatively higher XCH4value during the winter of noncultivation period when the emissions from rice paddies are weak and surface air temperature is low. To further investigate the high XCH4concentration during this low-emission period, we use the HYSPLIT model to simulate the atmosphere dynamic transport process, and the result suggests that the typical closed topography of Sichuan Basin, which may lead to CH4accumulation and keep it from diffusion, is one possible reason for the high XCH4value in winter.

Coastally trapped disturbances in the lower atmosphere: dynamic commonalities and geographic diversity

The dynamics of coastally trapped disturbances in the lower atmosphere are considered. These disturbances are trapped by the existence of a subsidence inversion at a height below the crests of barrier-like coastal mountains and propagate alongshore with the coast on the right (left) in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere. Favourable areas on the Earth for the existence of the disturbances are California, southeastern Australia and southern Africa. It is shown that the fundamental dynamics of the disturbances is in each case governed by the hydrostatic and semigeostrophic approximations. The latter implies that a geostrophic balance exists between the alongshore velocity of the motion and the across-shore pressure gradient. Although the fundamental dynamics are identical, it is shown that regional differences in forcing and boundary conditions lead to the observed diversity in the manifestation of the disturbances in each area. These differences include variations in the width of the coastal mountains, the strength and height of the inversion, in the scale of the forcing and whether this forcing leads to on- or offshore flow in the generation region of the disturbance.