Canada's spousal sponsorship process: challenges of cross-national couples

Family reunification is a key objective of Canada’s Immigration and Refugee Protection Act. Despite this, cross-national couples continue to experience challenges during the spousal sponsorship process. The spousal sponsorship regime must be situated in the context of Canada’s history of racist immigration policies, and consider the nature of neo-racism, and the function of securitization. It is evident in the negative social construction of foreign spouses, and the conflation of cross-national couples with marriage fraud, that the government prioritizes fraud detection over family reunification. Interviews with ten individuals of cross-national marriages revealed challenges related to finances, emotional well-being, power imbalances, and the stigmatization of marrying a foreign spouse. The process was made more difficult by the government due to inadequate information, communication, and transparency. While processes of racialization can be seen to inform practices and policies of the spousal sponsorship system, other factors such as bureaucracy and socioeconomic status also appeared to play a role. Key words: family; spousal sponsorship; cross-national; racism; marriage fraud

Canada's spousal sponsorship process: challenges of cross-national couples

Family reunification is a key objective of Canada’s Immigration and Refugee Protection Act. Despite this, cross-national couples continue to experience challenges during the spousal sponsorship process. The spousal sponsorship regime must be situated in the context of Canada’s history of racist immigration policies, and consider the nature of neo-racism, and the function of securitization. It is evident in the negative social construction of foreign spouses, and the conflation of cross-national couples with marriage fraud, that the government prioritizes fraud detection over family reunification. Interviews with ten individuals of cross-national marriages revealed challenges related to finances, emotional well-being, power imbalances, and the stigmatization of marrying a foreign spouse. The process was made more difficult by the government due to inadequate information, communication, and transparency. While processes of racialization can be seen to inform practices and policies of the spousal sponsorship system, other factors such as bureaucracy and socioeconomic status also appeared to play a role. Key words: family; spousal sponsorship; cross-national; racism; marriage fraud

Psychosocial consequences of early marriages

One of the most common forms of child exploitation in the world is early marriage. Although the number of underage marriages has declined to some extent, it continues to rise in a number of countries. Early marriage usually means the marriage of a child under the age of 18. Many of these marriages are also referred to as "child and forced marriages" because they are performed without conscious consent. Early marriage separates children from their families and peers, exposes them to domestic violence, and jeopardizes their development, educational, social and professional opportunities. Such marriages can also lead to psychological problems such as depression, adaptation disorders, post-traumatic stress, and suicide attempts. This review article aims to assess the causes and psychosocial consequences of early marriage. Key words: Family age, child exploitation, psychosocial aspects

OBRAZOVANJE OBITELJSKIH MEDIJATORA U HRVATSKOM I MEĐUNARODNOM KONTEKSTU

EDUCATION OF FAMILY MEDIATORS IN THE CROATIAN AND INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT 5 ABSTRACT The paper provides an overview of the training of family mediators from the perspective of the number of hours and the contents of educational programmes in some member states of the European Union and some countries outside of Europe where family mediation is highly developed. The aim is to analyse the common and specific determinants with regard to the length of training, implementation of training and contents of training. The paper shows that there is no unified training practice for family mediators, and that the number of hours differs among the analysed countries. The educational programmes are conducted within professional associations and organisations that deal with family mediation or within faculties. A larger similarity can be observed in the contents covered by the educational programmes with regard to the knowledge needed for the implementation of family mediation, techniques and methods, principles, values, legal and psychosocial aspects of understanding the contents and procedures of mediation. Apart from theoretical aspects, attention is given to the methods of teaching which motivate practical implementation during the teaching, as well as direct practical work accompanying supervision. Key words: family mediation, education, number of teaching hours, content of education

FAMILY - INSTITUTE FOR FORMATION OF SPIRITUAL AND MORAL VALUES

The article analyzes the essence of the ongoing reforms in the country to strengthen the institution of the family. It also explores the spiritual and educational mechanisms to strengthen the institution of the family, emphasizing the importance of the Eastern thinkers' views on raising children in the family. KEY WORDS- Family, relations with family members, upbringing of a child, cultural heritage.

MÜLKİYYƏTİN MÜQAVİLƏ REJİMİNİN ANLAYIŞI VƏ MƏZMUNU

Key words: family, law, property contract mode,legal of the property mode divorce, husband and wife, property relations,property rights

Социалдык-экономикалык кризис шарттындагы заманбап кыргыз үй-бүлөсүнүн абалы

Аннотация: Бул илимий макалада азыркы учурдагы заманбап кыргыз коомунун бирден-бир актуалдуу проблемалары – бул коомдук жана экономикалык кризистеги үй-бүлө проблемаларын кароо. Өткөөл мезгил, мобилдүүлүгүн алып, үй-бүлө пайдубалын талкалаган. Урбанизация багыттардын өз турумун өзгөртүп, үй-бүлөнүн маанисинин төмөндөшүнө алып келген. Кризис абалына алып барган шарттарды карап, ал жайгдайдан чыгуу жолдору жана механизмдери тууралуу каралган. Түйүндүү сөздөр: үй-бүлө, кризис, глобализация, коом, калктын саны, мамлекет. Аннотация: Статья посвящена одной из актуальных проблем современного кыргызского общества – проблеме семьи в условиях социального и экономического кризиса. Переходный период, вызвав мобильность населения, расшатал семейные устои. Урбанизация населения привела к падению значимости семьи, изменив ее место в ценностных ориентациях. Рассмотрены причины, приведшие современную семью в состояние кризиса и возможные пути и механизмы разрешения данной проблемы. Ключевые слова: семья, кризис, глобализация, общество, население, государство. Abstract: The article is devoted to one of the urgent problems of modern Kyrgyz society - the problem of the family in conditions of social and economic crisis. The transition period, having caused mobility of the population, has shaken family foundations. The urbanization of the population led to a decline in the importance of the family, changing its place in value orientations. The reasons that led the modern family to a state of crisis and possible ways and mechanisms to solve this problem are considered. Key words: family, crisis, globalization, society, population, state.

Funcionalidad familiar y características familiares en gestantes adolescentes. Hospital distrital “Santa Isabel” El Porvenir.

Esta investigación se realizó para determinar la funcionalidad familiar y las características familiares en gestantes con edades entre 10 a 18 años del Hospital Distrital “Santa Isabel” El Porvenir” durante el año 2017. Se realizó una investigación aplicada de corte transversal con una población de 20 adolescentes embarazadas, encontrando que la disfuncionalidad familiar en gestantes adolescentes es bastante alta, predominando la disfuncionalidad severa en el 45% de las encuestadas. En cuanto a las características familiares, predominan las adolescentes entre los 15 y 18 años (70%). El 60% es conviviente, 75% procede de zona urbana, 45% procede de una familia monoparental extendida, y 80% profesa la religión Católica. Más de la mitad (65%) tiene educación secundaria, y se concluyó que el 70% depende económicamente de su pareja. Key words: Family functionality. Teenage pregnancies.

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI INTENSI MAHASISWA FAKULTAS EKONOMI UNIVERSITAS BUNG HATTA UNTUK BERWIRAUSAHA

This research was conducted at the Faculty of Economics, University of Bung Hatta Padang. The population included all students of S1 of Economics Faculty in Bung Hatta University who have completed the enterpreuneurship course in uneven semester 2015/2016. The sampling method used was convenience sampling that samples were close by and can be found easily that appropriate to this study, it has acquired as many as 150 respondents. Results of hypothesis testing were a family background did not affect the intentions Faculty of Economics University of Bung Hatta to entrepreneurship. While personality traits significantly influence to the entrepreneurial intentions on the students of the Economics Faculty in Bung Hatta University. Key Words: Family Background, Marks of Personality and Entrepreneurship Intention

FAMILY POLICY AND ITS REALIZATION TRENDS IN LITHUANIA FOR 2005–2012

The purpose of the article is an overview of the objectives and criteria of theclassification used in state family policy in the sphere of economic relations, a discussion of family policy types and sub-types, relations between forms and types, and their characteristics in contemporary conditions. It discloses the significance of a systemic approach to family policy, emphasizes that family policy can be investigated both as a separate system and as a subsystem emphasizes that a particular family policy must reflect the inherent relations of the subsystems and components, i.e. an implementation area of family policy, its targets, goals, priorities, directions and state’s ability to provide economic support draws attention to the fact that family policy should be associated not only with the family as a general institution but also with individual family forms, describes the trends of public financial social assistance for families raising children and for poor residents in 2005–2012.Key words: family policy, types of family policy, family forms, benefits for families raising children, financial social assistance for poor residents