Chemical, Thermal, Time, and Enzymatic Stability of Silk Materials with Silk I Structure

The crystalline structure of silk fibroin Silk I is generally considered to be a metastable structure; however, there is no definite conclusion under what circumstances this crystalline structure is stable or the crystal form will change. In this study, silk fibroin solution was prepared from B. Mori silkworm cocoons, and a combined method of freeze-crystallization and freeze-drying at different temperatures was used to obtain stable Silk I crystalline material and uncrystallized silk material, respectively. Different concentrations of methanol and ethanol were used to soak the two materials with different time periods to investigate the effect of immersion treatments on the crystalline structure of silk fibroin materials. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman scattering spectroscopy (Raman), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the structure of silk fibroin before and after the treatments. The results showed that, after immersion treatments, uncrystallized silk fibroin material with random coil structure was transformed into Silk II crystal structure, while the silk material with dominated Silk I crystal structure showed good long-term stability without obvious transition to Silk II crystal structure. α-chymotrypsin biodegradation study showed that the crystalline structure of silk fibroin Silk I materials is enzymatically degradable with a much lower rate compared to uncrystallized silk materials. The crystalline structure of Silk I materials demonstrate a good long-term stability, endurance to alcohol sterilization without structural changes, and can be applied to many emerging fields, such as biomedical materials, sustainable materials, and biosensors.

Perbedaan Hasil Pencelupan Bahan Sutera Menggunakan Ekstrak Kulit Pisang Kepok dengan Mordan Tawas dan Kapur Sirih.

This research is motivated as an effort to reduce the problem of environmental pollution by re-using natural dyes. The natural dyes used are the utilization of waste which is kepok banana peel. The purpose of this study is to describe the name of the color (hue), dark light (value), and evenness of color as well as differences in mordan alum and whiting to the results of dyeing silk material using kapok banana peel extract (MusaParadisiaca L). This type of research is experimental research. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire (questionnaire) from 18 panelists. The data analysis technique was carried out using the Friedman K-related sample test technique and using the SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) version 16.0 application. Dipping silk material with Kepok Banana peel extract (MusaParadisiaca L) without mordan yielding a Wheat Light Brown color with Code # F6E7B0 and value category very bright and evenness of color in the very flat category. In dyeing with mordan alum produces Light Brown color with code # E7BE75 with light category and flatness value in the flat category, while in dyeing with mordan whiting the color name is Golden Sundanese with code # D7A04F with the value of the category light enough and flat for the category flatness. Friedman K-related sample test results obtained for light dark color (value) is 0.001 <0.05, then H0 is rejected, meaning that there are significant color differences. Whereas the color density of the data obtained was 0.154> 0.05, H0 was accepted, meaning that there was no significant difference in color evenness in the dyeing of silk material using Kepok banana peel extract (MusaParadisiaca L) with mordan alum and whiting. Keywords: mordan alum and betel lime, kepok banana peel (Musa Paradisiaca L), silk material

ETHICS AND AESTHETIC VALUE OF SILK IN HADITHS

<p>Silk is one of the clothing products produced from the time of the Prophet to the present. But in terms of their use, rules and restrictions appear in the hadith of the Prophet. It seems that it has a message that the Prophet wants to convey to his people. This study aims to find the ethical and aesthetic values of silk in the perspective of the Prophet's hadith. Considering the development of fashion fashions made from silk experience development and sometimes its use is debated. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The findings of this study indicate that the ethical values in the traditions surrounding silk can be grouped into three. First, ethics so that Muslims have a firm identity, not relying on other people. Second, ethics so that Muslims avoid arrogance and overdoing in decorating. Third, ethics cares about social affairs and lives simply. The aesthetic value of silk in the hadith can be seen from a variety of terms that refer to clothing made from silk, namely the recitation of ḥarir, dibâj, qasiy, sundus, istabraq, siyara`. The aesthetic value of the variety of clothing made from silk material during the Prophet's time is the uniqueness and variation of the pronunciation used by the Prophet to describe the shapes and structures of various silk types.<strong></strong></p>

PENGARUH PERBEDAAN MORDAN TAWAS DAN KAPUR SIRIH TERHADAP HASIL PENCELUPAN EKSTRAK DAUN SAWO MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN SUTERA

AbstrakPenggunaan ekstrak zat warna alam sebagai pewarnaan tekstil karena menghasilkan warna yang khas dan ramah lingkungan salah satunya adalah daun sawo. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan nama warna (Hue), gelap terang (Value) serta kerataan warna serta perbedaan mordan tawas dan kapur sirih terhadap hasil pencelupan ekstrak daun sawo menggunakan bahan sutera. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang bersumber dari 18 panelis, kemudian data yang terkumpul diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan uji Friedman K-related sample serta menggunakan aplikasi SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) versi 16.0. Pencelupan bahan sutera dengan ekstrak daun sawo masing-masing tanpa mordan menghasilkan warna Canary Yellow dengan kode #EAF59A serta Value sangat terang dan cukup terang dan kerataan warna yang rata, mordan tawas menghasilkan warna Canary Yellow dengan kode #FFFF53 serta Value terang dan memiliki kerataan warna yang rata, serta mordan kapur sirih menghasilkan warna Dark Golden Rod dengan kode #D3820B serta Value kurang terang dan kerataan warna yang dihasilkan rata. Hasil penelitian data gelap terang warna (Value) yaitu 0,000 < 0,05 yang artinya Ho ditolak. Artinya terdapat pengaruh perbedaan yang signifikan mordan tawas dan kapur sirih terhadap hasil pencelupan. Pada kerataan warna menunjukkan hasil 0,063 > 0,05 yang artinya Ho diterima. Artinya tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan mordan tawas dan kapur sirih terhadap hasil pencelupan ekstrak daun sawo menggunakan bahan sutera. Kata Kunci: daun sawo, tawas, kapur sirih.AbstractThe use of extracts of natural dyes as textile coloring because it produces a distinctive and environmentally friendly color, one of which is brown leaves. The purpose of this study was to describe the name of color (Hue), darkness of light (Value) and evenness of color as well as differences in mordan alum and whiting to the results of dyeing sapodilla leaf extract using silk material. This type of research is an experiment. The data used are primary data sourced from 18 panelists, then the collected data is processed and analyzed using the Friedman K-related sample test and using the SPSS application (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) version 16.0. Dyeing of silk material with sapodilla leaf extract without mordan produced Canary Yellow color with code # EAF59A and Value very bright and quite bright and even color evenness, mordan alum produced Canary Yellow colors with code # FFFF53 and bright values and had evenness the flat, and the betel mordan produces the Dark Golden Rod color with code # D3820B and the Value is less bright and the flatness of the resulting color is even. The results of the study of dark light colors (Value) are 0,000 <0,05 which means that Ho is rejected. This means that there are significant effects of mordan alum and whiting on the results of dyeing. The color flatness shows the results of 0.063> 0.05, which means that Ho is accepted. This means that there is no significant effect of mordan alum and whiting on the results of dyeing sapodilla leaf extract using silk. Keywords: sapodilla leaves, alum, betel lime.

PENGARUH PERBEDAAN LARUTAN CELUP (VLOT) TERHADAP HASIL PENCELUPAN ZAT WARNA ALAM EKSTRAK BAWANG DAYAK (ELEUTHERINE PALMIFOLIA (L.) MERR.) PADA BAHAN SUTERA DENGAN MORDAN TAWAS

AbstrakTujuan penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh perbedaan larutan celup (vlot) terhadap hasil pencelupan zat warna alam ekstrak Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine Palmifolia (L.) Merr.) pada bahan Sutera dengan mordan Tawas. Metode penelitian menggunakan eksperimen yang berupa eksperimen true eksperimen design. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan pencelupan secara meta mordanting. Pencelupan dilakukan pada bahan sutera menggunakan tiga variable dengan Vlot 1:10, 1:50, 1:100 dengan mordan tawas. Instrumen penelitian berupa kain sutera dengan ukuran 30x30 cm dengan perlakuan berbeda disertai kuesioner panduan pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil pencelupan zat warna alam ekstrak Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine Palmifolia (L.) Merr.) pada bahan Sutera dengan mordan Tawas adalah dengan kategori penilaian. Hasil pencelupan pada umumnya berada dalam kategori penilaian yaitu terang. Hasil uji menunjukkan pencelupan terhadap vlot 1:10 adalah sangat terang, pencelupan terhadap vlot 1:50 adalah terang dan hasil pencelupan terhadap vlot 1:100 sangat terang. Kata Kunci: larutan celup, bawang dayak mordan.AbstractThe research the study was to describe the effect of different dye solutions (vlot) on the results of dyeing natural dyes of Dayak Onion extract (Eleutherine Palmifolia (L.) Merr.) In Silk material with mordan Tawas. The research method uses experiments in the form of true experimental design experiments. The sampling technique is meta mordanting dyeing. Dyeing was carried out on silk materials using three variables with Vlot 1:10, 1:50, 1: 100 with mordan alum. The research instrument was silk cloth with a size of 30x30 cm with different treatments accompanied by an observation guide questionnaire. The results showed that the results of dyeing natural dyes of Dayak Onion extract (Eleutherine Palmifolia (L.) Merr.) In Silk matter with mordan Alum were in the assessment category. The results of dyeing are generally in the assessment category, which is bright. The test results showed that vlot 1:10 dyeing was very bright, immersion in vlot 1:50 was bright and the dyeing result of vlot 1: 100 very bright. Keywords: dyeing, dayak onion, mordan.

Analysing the structure and glass transition behaviour of silks for archaeology and conservation

Silk is an iconic material in many cultures. Silk archaeology and conservation is affected by silk production technology as well as subsequent environmental effects such as humidity, temperature, UV radiation and ageing . The complex interactions and various effects on silk materials affect the practical use of silk, for example, in the conservation of ancient manuscripts. This study examines the various influences of silk provenance and processing, adhesive coatings and chemical treatments as well as natural and artificial ageing of the silk material. We use infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis to investigate the glass transition behaviours in a range of archaeological and control silk samples. This allows us to establish structural differences in century-old museum silks and predict the effects of silk ageing and degradation.